Číslo 2 (2011)
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Item Příspěvek k historiografii dějin židovského národa I.: od starověku k osvícenství a haskale(Západočeská univerzita v Plzni, 2011) Arava-Novotná, Lena
Item Rozhovor s Mgr. Věrou Tydlitátovou, Th.D.(Západočeská univerzita v Plzni, 2011) Tarant, ZbyněkItem Postoj Švajčiarska k autoritatívnemu režimu Slovenskej republiky (1939-1945)(Západočeská univerzita v Plzni, 2011) Stráska, JanaThe study deals with the political relationship between the Slovak Republic and Switzerland in 1939 - 1945. After the loss of traditional business contacts Switzerland established contact with the newly established Slovak Republic. Both countries brought near particular need of economic cooperation in difficult times of war. Unlike economic relations may be relations in political terms, characterized as a stopgap. Switzerland did not have to worry about their nationhood, which can not be said of Slovakia. His international position was disproportionally stronger. Probably this will be reflected in his relationship to Germany. Despite the apparently declared neutrality did not hide their sympathy to the Western Allies. This found its expression in relation to an authoritative or totalitarian regime of the Slovak Republic, which came about as a satellite state of Germany.Item Virchow a Haeckel: spor o teorii biologické evoluce(Západočeská univerzita v Plzni, 2011) Soukup, MartinAim of the paper is analysis of scientific works of Rudolf Virchow and Ernst Haeckel. Particular attention is devoted to Virchow – Haeckel controversy on the theory of biological evolution. Principal part of the article is focused on the analysis of Haeckel’s work as potential root of the theory of race as well as racial hygiene in the period National Socialism in Germany. In detail is discussed monistic philosophy and role of Monist League.Item Kniha Naše dítě v historickém, utopickém a antiutopickém kontextu(Západočeská univerzita v Plzni, 2011) Pešková, MichaelaIn the article ”The book Our child in ideological, utopian and anti-utopian context” the authoress analyzes a representative Czechoslovak handbook about child care from the point of view of its ideological burden and relationship with the motives of utopian and anti-utopian literature. It is obvious that Our child helps to design the man from his earliest childhood in conformity with the theory of totalitarian socialist ideology. On the advice and according to instructions, a disciplined and obedient individual is being educated, ready for collectivistic and working way of living. Motherhood itself is considerably ideologized from which anything individual is excluded. On the one hand, woman participates by means of it in a common ”great work”, i.e. attainment of communism, on the other hand her position is, however, in principle passive as for education of her own child, because the State and its institutions determine binding rules of education. Incontestable utopian characteristics of the book consists in its non-alternative instruction, didactic character, system approach, well-considered in detail, in setting of uniform time rhythm for all, and in final common and collective creation of an ideal world made-up of permanently self-improving individuals. From the elements contained in Our child, anti-utopia sees as dark visions chiefly motives of weakened father´s role and strongly regulated mother´s role. The theme of separation of the child from his/her family, and his/her placement in collectivistic pre-school establishments consequently leads to atomization of society and to a total family dissolution, the role of which undertakes the State.Item Motivy českých pracovních migrujících a strategie vstupu do cílového prostoru: Zaměření na ekonomickopolitický kontext(Západočeská univerzita v Plzni, 2011) Pařízková, AlenaLabour migrants always leave their home country with some expectation and goals which they want to fill in the destination country. Their goals are strongly influenced by economic and political situation in both countries. This paper is based on an ethnographic research and it focuses on motives and strategies of current labour migrants from the Czech Republic. The most attractive country for them is the United Kingdom. They opened their labour markets for newcomers in May 2004 when the Czech Republic entered the EU. The research of current migrants shows that they look abroad for self-realization more than for purely economic reasons. Findings from the research indicate that the language plays the biggest importance in motivation for migration. However the economic motives still persist. The other influential factor for initiating migration is a favourable political situation. Among the contemporary labour migrants there can be detected two main strategies of entrance – the utilizing of social networks and using services of specialized labour agencies.Item Postoj britských dominií k Locarnskému paktu(Západočeská univerzita v Plzni, 2011) Novotný, LukášIn October 1925 the Locarno Conference took place, which dealt primarily with the guarantee of the German Western frontiers and meant an important keystone solving the problems of Western European diplomatic climate in the years 1925-1930. Great Britain took a step, which its politicians were rejecting for a long time, and it accepted a formal obligation to help an attacked European country, without a previous consent of the British Dominions. Its position was essentially changed after the First World War; the separate signature of the Treaty of Versailles and the separate membership in the League of Nations raised its independence of the homeland. In the question of the collective security the Dominions often behaved independently and mostly rejected the new British commitments. Therefore, London reached a decision to inform them about all affairs, which referred to the negotiations about the Locarno Pact; the Dominions, however, simultaneously did not have any real influence on the decision-making of the homeland. They did not participate in the ceremonial signature of the pact, and this way they confirmed its independent policy in the question of the collective security. Thus, in the late 1925 brought out that it was impossible to pursued the unified imperial policy.Item Syrský Orient: přínos a aktualizace syrských studií(Západočeská univerzita v Plzni, 2011) Neupauer, EduardItem Zemřel profesor Marek Zvelebil (9.1.1952 – 7.7.2011)(Západočeská univerzita v Plzni, 2011) Vařeka, PavelItem Friedrich Nietzsche: reflexe vlivu masových médií na společnost(Západočeská univerzita v Plzni, 2011) Mertl, JiříThoughts and writings of Friedrich Nietzsche are often framed to the ethics, metaphysics and general critical philosophy. Although this framing includes reflections of the politics, society and media, Nietzsche’s thinking about influence of (mass) media on society is so little cited that it is practically opted out from this frame. The goal of this text is to somewhat disrupt this framing and introduce Nietzsche as one of the few thinkers in his time who had been thinking about impact which the mass media had on society and individual. To fulfil this goal we will assemble as many Nietzsche’s mentions about the mass media (in this case about the press) and corresponding technology as we can and, together with secondary literature, we will try to show Nietzsche’s theory of the media and technological impact on society. Based on this theory, we will try to figure out if Nietzsche had the specific media philosophy on his mind. Also we will see that Nietzsche is very critical toward the mass media and its effect on thinking and potentially exploitable power which could be utilised in legitimizing of totalitarianism.Item Proč Aristotelés neuvádí Anaximandra z Mílétu v I. knize Metafyziky?(Západočeská univerzita v Plzni, 2011) Kočandrle, RadimAristotle doesn’t mention Anaximander of Miletus in his rewiew of the predecessors in Metaphysics A. This study aims to show that Aristotle and Theophrastus mention Anaximander by name mainly in connection with Anaxagoras and Empedocles within the context of the coming-to-be. For them the Anaximander’s principle was similar to the mixture of Anaxagoras, which can be described as the one and manifold. Therefore, we may suppose that Anaximander is not mentioned explicitly because Aristotle regarded Anaxagoras to be more significant representant of the doctrine of coming-to-be as separation off of the opposites. The other reason might be the indefinity of Anaximander’s principle. However, the intermediate element in Metaphysics A might be interpreted as the Anaximander’s principle.Item Recenze knihy Lexicologie et sémantique lexicale (Lexikologie a sémantika)(Západočeská univerzita v Plzni, 2011) Horová, HelenaItem Súdán a Demokratická republika Kongo jako příklad dvou nedemokratických režimů ve světle současné mezinárodní spravedlnosti(Západočeská univerzita v Plzni, 2011) Cviklová, LucieCan one identify civil wars in Kongo and Sudan – which have been characterized by violation of human rights – with rise of dictatorial or totalitarian regimes? Theoretical part of the article dedicated to answer the question deals with evaluation of theoretical frameworks of political regimes as they have been elaborated by Hannah Arendt, Alfred Stepan and Juan Linz as well as perspective of cultural relativism as it has been prepared by Patrick Chabal, Petr Skalník and others. The first section of empirical part of the article compares cultural roots of political conduct having importance for emergence of long-term armed conflicts in Kongo and Sudan: importance is going to be ascribed not only to structuration of political and social institutions in both countries but also to the issue of emergence of dictatorial and/or totalitarian regimes. Connections between Sudan Liberation army and sultanism of Omar Hassan Ahmand al-Bashir are going to be explained and importance of rebels and Thomas Lubanga - understood to be key actors in Iuturi conflict - are going to be elucidated. Non-democratic political and social development in the two countries is going to be shown through perspective of international justice which has been recently pursued by various strategies of International Criminal Court. While Thomas Lubanga was arrested and accused of serious violations of human rights, Omar Hassan al-Bashir has been still escaping the arrest warrant issued in 2009.
