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Item Politische Diffamierung durch ,kreative Übersetzung‘. Hanuš Kuffners großtschechische Staatsutopie (1918) und ihre deutschen Verarbeitungen(Hryhorii Skovoroda University, 2023) Blahak, BorisDie politische Denkschrift „Náš stát a světový mír“ (1918) des tschechischen Nationalextremisten Hanuš Kuffner, die eine Neuordnung der Weltzonen, die dauernde militärische Niederhaltung Deutschlands und die Schaffung eines wehrhaften großtschechischen Staates propagierte, geriet zum meistzitierten tschechischen Werk im völkisch-deutschnationalen Schrifttum der 1920er und 1930er Jahre. Der Vortrag widmete sich dieser Rezeptionsgeschichte und arbeitete die Facetten der politischen Instrumentalisierung der Streitschrift in (sudeten-)deutschen Kreisen gegen die Tschechoslowakei heraus; besonderes Augenmerk wurde dabei auf ihre deutschsprachige Rezeptionsgrundlage gelegt: die 1922 in sudetendeutschen Kreisen erstellte Übersetzung „Unser Staat und der Weltfrieden“. Dabei wurde veranschaulicht, dass es sich hierbei um eine für den deutschen Leser bestimmte ,didaktisierte‘ Fassung handelte, die an entscheidenden Stellen zur Verschärfung des ohnehin gewaltaufgeladenen Pamphlets neigte.
Item Maušluje Mime? K jazyku „podezřelých“ postav v operách Richarda Wagnera(Academia, 2023) Blahak, BorisItem Regensburské jazykové krajiny středověku a raného novověku. Vícejazyčné jazykové krajiny jako zrcadlo historických interetnických a interkonfesních interakcí(Logos, 2023) Blahak, Boris; Krumbacher, CarolinItem Passion and Politics in Diego de Brea and Jakub Čermák's Edward II : Marlowe's Controversial History on Czech Stages(2023) Mišterová, Ivona; Krajník, FilipThe present article outlines the stage history of Christopher Marlowe's history Edward II on Czech stages, focusing chiefly on how the respective directors approached the titular character of Marlowe's play and his sexuality. The study focuses on two post2000 productions of the play: Diego de Brea's Edvard Drugy for the Slovenian National West Bohemia, in 2008; and Jakub & Ccaron;erm & aacute;k's production of Edvard II. for the Children Yearn for Money) that premiered in 2023 in Prague. Since for both Czechs and Slovenians, King Edward II is a minor figure of English history and Elizabethan history plays are generally less appealing to them than other genres, both the directors sideline the political dimension of the story to fully explore the issue of social and sexual norms and relate it to current social and cultural discussions both in the West and the former Eastern Bloc. Stressing the motif of social and sexual otherness even more bravely than most recent Western productions, de Brea and & Ccaron;erm & aacute;k offered not only valuable contributions to both local and global reception of Marlowe's Edward II, but also raised the visibility of LGBT theatre in a region where it has only a modest history and tradition.
Item Monsters and Marvels: Shakespeare Across Opera, Ballet, Dance, Puppetry, and Music in Central and Eastern Europe—and Beyond(2023) Mišterová, Ivona; Cetera-Wlodarczyk, Anna; Havlíčková Kysová, Šárka; Kowalcze-Pawlik, Anna; Reuss, GabrielaThis collectively authored position paper discusses "hybrid" Shakespeares in Central and Eastern Europe, focusing on productions that offer formal experimentation and transnational perspectives. While their contexts remain regional, they provide an insight into how Shakspeare has been mobilised regionally. The paper consists of four distinct parts, each considering Shakespeare in a hybrid form: in opera, dance and musical theatre as well as puppetry in the transnational, regional context. The general discussions of Shakespeare's presence/appropriation in these art forms are followed by case studies that illustrate the significance of hybridity that characterises Shakespeare in the Central and Eastern European transnational context. Our brief analyses and selected case studies suggest a need for a detailed study of Shakespeare and performative arts in Central and Eastern Europe that would concentrate on the transgressive impulse these theatrical blends realised through formal experiment and artistic innovation.Item Hamlet Seen through the Python’s Eyes(2023) Mišterová, Ivona; Mištera, AdamInformation and communication technologies (ICTs) play an increasingly vital role in almost all scholarly disciplines, including linguistics, and literary and translation studies. English language learners, teachers, scholars, and practitioners make use of online resources such as monolingual and bilingual dictionaries, thesauri (containing synonyms and antonyms), Internet fora, weblogs, and corpora. Moreover, they are familiar with search engines (e.g. Alta Vista, Lycos, Infoseek, and HotBot), which provide access to various authentic sources, and which serve to locate appropriate terms, collocations, idioms, and parallel texts.This paper aims to explore the speeches of the characters in Shakespeare’s tragedy Hamlet through a combination of machine learning and word embeddings using a programming language Python. The main objective is to find out whether artificial intelligence is able to understand Shakespeare’s characters and the nuances of their speeches in a manner similar to that of Shakespearean scholars. Finally, the functionality and usefulness of indexing textual cases using continuous space vector representations of words in the selected “Shakespearean semantic space” will be demonstrated.Item Ratlose Erzähler in Josef Gangls Erzählung Die Teichwächterin und Anton Schotts Roman In falschen Geleisen. Zur Diversität der (böhmerwäldischen) Grenzlandliteratur(2023) Balcarová, MarkétaDie etablierte Definition der Grenzlandliteratur versteht diese als Literatur, die den Kampf zweier Nationalitäten im Grenzland schildern, wobei diese Schilderung eine Schwarz-Weiß-Optik aufweist. Von der Tatsache, dass die Opposition guter Deutscher und böser Tscheche in der Grenzlandliteratur nicht ausnahmslos gilt, zeugen Texte, die diesen Konflikt zwar thematisieren, in denen jedoch punktuell gute Tschechen auftauchen und in denen der auktoriale Erzähler ratlos ist, was die Lösung dieses Konfliktes angeht. Am Schluss wird nämlich überraschenderweise keineswegs der (vorläufige) Sieg eines gegen die Tschechen kämpfenden Deutschen gefeiert, was die typischen propagandistischen Grenzlandtexte prägt. Als Beispiel für die Diversität der Grenzlandprosa werden in diesem Beitrag Texte zweier Böhmerwaldautoren untersucht: die Erzählung Die Teichwächterin (1894) von Josef Gangl sowie der Roman In falschen Geleisen (1903) von Anton Schott, in denen vordergründig die Dichotomie unterdrückte Deutsche und unterdrückende Tschechen aufgestellt, dann aber hinterfragt wird.Item Antisemitismus a konzervativní katolicismus v díle Gertrud Fussenegger(2023) Kučera, PetrNěmecky píšící prozaička a básnířka z Plzně Gertrud Fussenegger (1912-2009) je autorkou, jejíž dílo je liberálně orientovanou literární kritikou hodnoceno jako poplatné nacistické ideologii (v letech třicátých a čtyřicátých) a katolické s některými antisemitskými prvky v době poválečné. Konzervativně katolicky orientovaná kritika o předválečné a válečné tvorbě této autorky mlčí, v poválečné tvorbě vyzdvihuje její mimořádné vypravěčské mistrovství a pevné ukotvení v křesťanských hodnotách.Item Interpretace židovské poezie a antisemitské výpady v textech Václava Černého(2022) Kučera, PetrPříspěvek se zaměřuje na srovnání literárně kritického zájmu Václava Černého o existencialistickou poezii židovských básníků Jiřího Ortena a Hanuše Bonna ve 40. letech 20. století s pozdějšími antisemitskými výpady této významné osobnosti české literární vědy a kulturních dějin vůči židovským osobnostem politického a kulturního života.Item Two (Postmodern) Czech Shakespearean Adaptations: Claudius and Gertrude and Emodrink of Elsinore(2023) Mišterová, IvonaIn her book on adaptation theory, Linda Hutcheon1 argues that “[n]either the product nor the process of adaptation exists in a vacuum: they all have a context - a time and a place, a society, and a culture.” Texts travel from their locus originis to other destinations, times, and contexts, crossing geographical, language, and genre borders, and creating their own palimpsestic identity. As Hutcheon2 states, “an adaptation is a derivation that is not derivative - a work that is second without being secondary.” The objective of the article is to examine two Czech adaptations of Shakespeare’s Hamlet: Claudius and Gertrude (2007) by Jiří Stránský and Jakub Špalek, which was inspired by Saxo Grammaticus and John Updike’s novel Gertrude and Claudius (2000), and Emodrink of Elsinore (2009) by Josef Prokeš. The two plays differ significantly. Stránský and Špalek retell the story that precedes the well-known events at Elsinore and remade the remake. Prokeš, on the other hand, transfers the action to an obscure nightclub, turning Hamlet into a bartender accompanied by a faithful dog (albeit embodied by a human) and incorporating some Czech allusions. The paper focuses on the intertextual aspects of the Czech plays and their vertical rather than horizontal existence.Item From Boundary Estate to Grenfell Tower : the changing perceptions of the role of Britain's council housing(2021) Tihelková, AliceIn its heyday in the 1970s, Britain’s council housing sector provided homes to 40 per cent of the British population before falling victim to privatization, which changed homes for Britain’s workers into commodities subject to property speculation. The fraction of the original council housing stock that has been preserved serves the needs of the society’s most vulnerable. However, the concept of council housing as social housing is a later one; originally, council estates were designed for aspirational workers and were intended as mixed communities, with working and middle-class residents living side by side. Taking a historical perspective, the article maps the development of the concept of council housing in Britain from the original idea, inspired by garden cities such as Letchworth or Welwyn Garden City, to the gradual changes to both the design of council estates and their intended purpose that transformed the once socially desirable housing type into a symbol of social failure and deprivation. The recent tragedy of the Grenfell Tower fire is used as a case in point to illustrate this process of change. In addition to historical research, the paper draws on recent sociological reports and newspaper articles dealing with the issue of Britain’s council housing.Item Selling Austerity to the Public: Analysing the Rhetoric of the UK Government on its Welfare Cuts(2023) Tihelková, AliceOver the past twelve years, the UK has seen a marked increase in poverty and economic inequality. While numerous factors have contributed to this situation, an undisputedly important role has been played by the continuous program of welfare spending cuts designed and executed by a series of Conservative governments. To alleviate thepotential for the unpopularity of austerity measures, the Conservatives have attempted to put a positive spin on their policies by making a series of core claims emphasizing the beneficial effects of the welfare reform. Using the method of Critical Discourse Analysis (CDA), this paper examines these claims and offers a critique of each of them. In doing so, the research seeks to expose the use of traditional stereotypes (especially that of the “deserving” and “undeserving” poor) in the government’s rhetoric. The paper draws on a corpus of political speeches and media appearances of Conservative politicians, as well as on sociological reports and newspaper coverage. The analysis is principally focused on the two governments led by David Cameron, although some attention is also devoted to subsequent Conservative administrations.Item ʻCreative Translation’ as Political Defamation: Hanuš Kuffner’s Great Czech State Utopia and its Propagandistic Instrumentalization Against Czechoslovakia(2023) Blahak, BorisThe political memorandum “Náš stát a světový mír” (1918) by the Czech national extremist Hanuš Kuffner, which propagated a reorganisation of the world zones, the permanent military suppression of Germany and the creation of a defensive Greater Czech state, became the most cited Czech work in the nationalist-German literature of the 1920s and 1930s. The article is dedicated to this reception history and works out the facets of the political instrumentalisation of the pamphlet in (Sudeten) German circles against Czechoslovakia; particular attention is paid to its German-language reception basis: the translation “Our State and World Peace”, which was produced in Sudeten German circles in 1922. It is shown that this was a ʻdidacticised’ version intended for German readers, which tended to exacerbate the already violence-laden pamphlet in key places.Item Corpus-based Linguistic Analysis of Business English Report Writing Papers by L2 English Language Speakers(2022) Duruttya, MichaelaThe investigation primarily focused on analyzing the frequently used words and phrases employed by students in their first and second years of studying business and economics based on text corpora. The aim was to examine the collocational and grammatical behavior of the selected words. The texts under investigation were written by non-native English speakers. To gain insights and identify areas for improvement, the results of this analysis were compared with similar examples derived from a larger reference corpus, thereby identifying both similarities and differences. The ultimate goal of this study was to enhance the students' production and writing style in the context of business English texts.Item Using Corpora in Teaching Languages to Enhance Competency in English as a Foreign Language with Focus on English for Business and Economics(2021) Duruttya, MichaelaThis work discusses the importance of competence in understanding and interpreting written and spoken English in our society. It highlights the use of corpus linguistics as an effective method to address this demand. The article emphasizes the advantages of using carefully designed collections of written texts, known as corpora, in teaching foreign languages to promote cross-cultural competency. It acknowledges the growing need for effective communication in today's society due to recent developments in communication and the requirements of intercultural cooperation. The text emphasizes the significance of mastering languages to avoid ambiguities and misunderstandings, as they play a vital role in one's culture. It introduces a possible approach to achieving this task by utilizing available data and focusing on specific aspects of using an online corpus, specifically the British National Corpus. The focus is on providing a communicative context in language learning, with special emphasis on English as a second language for business and economics.Item Das Prag der 1930er Jahre in späteren literarischen Texten Lenka Reinerovás. Eine rückwärtsgewandte Utopie für eine multikulturelle Welt(2023) Balcarová, MarkétaAn den neueren Texten Lenka Reinerovás, die seit den 1980er Jahren erschienen, sowie an ihren medialen Auftritten ist festzustellen, dass die Autorin das Prag der 20er und 30er Jahre (bis 1933) und somit das Bild der sog. ersten Republik (1918–1938) idealisiert – im Einklang mit dem politischen Gedächtnis der Tschechischen Republik der 1990er Jahre. Dieser Zeitraum wird für sie zu einem vorbildlichen Modell für die gegenwärtigen bzw. künftigen Verhältnisse zwischen unterschiedlichen Nationalitäten, Religionen und Kulturen der ganzen Welt. Bei dem Prag-Modell, das die nationalen, kulturellen und religiösen Spannungen nivelliert, greift Reinerová auf Informationen aus dem kollektiven Gedächtnis sowie auf ihre eigenen Erinnerungen zurück, die sie jedoch verklärt. Zugleich baut sie in ihre Prosa auch fiktionale Elemente ein – im erträumten Café über Prag in Das Traumcafé einer Pragerin lässt die Ich-Erzählerin in ihrem Tagtraum unterschiedliche deutsch- sowie tschechischsprachige Intellektuelle zusammentreffen. Ausgehend von dem Mikrokosmos Prag erweitert sie in Das Traumcafé einer Pragerin die Wunschvorstellung einer friedlichen Koexistenz unterschiedlicher Nationen und Kulturen auf die ganze Welt. Die Grenze als markierter Geländestreifen, der politische Gebilde voneinander trennt, sowie als abstrakte Trennungslinie zwischen unterschiedlichen Kulturen wird in diesem Model obsolet, kulturelle Begegnungen werden als unkompliziert und bereichernd dargestellt. Anzumerken ist, dass sich die Ich-Erzählerinnen jedoch zugleich dessen bewusst sind, dass die entworfene Utopie nicht realisierbar ist – eine hintergründige Skepsis ist dem vorwiegend optimistischen Impetus fast aller Texte immanent.Item A Longitudinal Case Study on the Development of consonant–vowel Distribution in the Babbling of a Czech–English Infant(2022) Dunková, Jiřina; Cilibrasi, LucaPrevious studies have shown that bilingual infants adjust the distribution of vowels and consonants, while babbling, to the languages they are exposed to, but little is known about the developmental trajectory of this skill. In this study, an infant exposed to English and Czech from birth was recorded every two/three days from the age of 0;6.13 to the age of 1;6.21 while babbling, and the distribution of vowels and consonants was analysed in his speech in relationship to the person he was interacting with. The study shows that theproportion of consonants increases throughout development in the recordings in which the child is interacting with his father (Czech speaker), and it remains instead stable over development in the recordings in which the child is interacting with his mother (English speaker). This finding suggests that the child is able to tie his babbling strategies, within a few months, to the distribution of vowels and consonants occurring in the linguistic environment.Item Les rêves français de l´artiste tchèque Alain Diviš(2023) Divišová, LucieLes avant-gardes françaises et tchèques avaient beaucoup de choses en commun entre les deux guerres mondiales. Parfois, on trouve parmi les artistes de ces mouvements des personnages exclusifs, qui travaillent de manière différente de la majorité des artistes. L´un d´eux, Alén Diviš (1900 – 1956, le prénom est un pseudonyme français), a été influencé par les avant-gardes de l´époque et, à sa manière, il a anticipé l'art brut et la peinture informelle. Son travail était avant tout fondé sur une puissante préoccupation pour les thèmes existentiels, qu'ils s'inspirent de son sort tragique ou de la littérature. Dans la perspective mondiale, le travail d´Alén Diviš est une contribution originale au thème du primitivisme dans l´art plastique de l´avant-garde qui exprimait son scepticisme à l´égard de la civilisation occidentale. Alén Diviš (1900 – 1956) passe la majorité de sa vie créatrice à l´étranger, notamment en France. A l´âge de 26 ans, il part vers le centre de l´art moderne de Paris. Il fréquente les conférences de František Kupka et certaines académies parisiennes privées. Peu après son arrivée, il se rapproche du célèbre galeriste D. H. Kahnweiler. Les contacts avec la communauté artistique tchèque de Paris sont importants pour lui, notamment le compositeur de musique Bohuslav Martinů. Diviš fréquente également les peintres František Tichý, Jan Zrzavý, Toyen, le poète Richard Weiner. En 1932, la Galerie Van Leer organise sa premiere exposition. Sa création connue de la période parisienne se situe entre le cubisme et l´expressionnisme. En 1939, il est accusé d’espionnage avec la plupart des résidents de la Maison tchécoslovaque de la culture, créée rue Notre-Dame des champs par l’artiste Adolf Hoffmeister avec le soutien de Louis Aragon pour les artistes tchèques qui fuyaient la Tchécoslovaquie occupée par les nazis. Il est ensuite emprisonné pendant six mois à la prison de la Santé. Son exil se poursuit aux Etats-Unis et il ne rentre en Tchécoslovaquie qu´en 1947. Son travail reflète trop ses expériences traumatisantes et Diviš est rapidement marginalisé et oublié dans sa patrie. Les dessins d’Alén Diviš des années 40 et 50 du 20e siècle, sur des motifs des écrivains Karel Jaromír Erben, d’Edgar Allan Poe et des livres de l’Ancien et du Nouveau Testament dépassent le caractère de l´illustration littéraire courante et ils ont été longtemps cachés au public. L´héritage de Diviš a été conservé par ses amis, notamment par son amie - sculpteur, Mme Hedvika Zaorálová. La redécouverte de l’œuvre de Diviš a été possible partiellement dans les années 70, grâce aux travaux importants de l’historien de l’art, Monsieur Jaromír Zemina, et ne se fait véritablement que dans les années 90 du 20e siècle. En raison des circonstances difficiles, l´œuvre d´Alén Diviš a atteint les spectateurs et les amateurs d'art français et tchèques avec plusieurs décennies de retard. Quelle est la réception de son œuvre aujourd´hui ? Que disent les historiens d´art, notamment ceux qui ont préparé les expositions d´Alén Diviš à Prague et à Paris (Mme Vanda Skálová, M. Jean-Gaspard Páleníček et les autres) ? Est-ce que l´œuvre (ou une partie de l´œuvre) d´Alén Diviš a été «rattrapé par la nuit », par la mort sémiotique ? Etudier l´œuvre d´Alén Diviš est un enjeu parfaitement pluridisciplinaire : les arts plastiques se mêlent à l´art verbal, voir littéraire.Item 28. ročník Letní školy slovanských studií v Českých Budějovicích(2020) Plotnikova, Anastasiia; Franta, DavidZpráva o průběhu 28. ročníku LŠSS na Filozofické fakultě Jihočeské univerzity v Českých Budějovicích.
