Leksiko-slovoobrazovatel'naja konceptualizacija idei miloserdija v russkom jazyke

Abstract

V stat'je rassmatrivajetsja rol' leksičeskich i slovoobrazovatel'nych sredstv v formirovanii jazykovoj kartiny mira. Materialom issledovanija javljajutsja tolkovye i slovoobrazovatel'nye slovari russkogo jazyka. Kak pokazyvajet analiz tolkovych slovarej, značenije slova miloserdije sužajetsja. Iz sovremennych slovarej uchodjat «sobornye priznaki»: «nezrimaja, duchovnaja, nravstvennaja svjaz', kotoraja skazyvajetsja nevol'no čuvstvom», «duchovnoje jedinenije ljudej», predlagajemye V. I. Dalem.«Slovar' russkogo jazyka XI-XVII vv.» i «Tolkovyj slovar' živogo velikorusskogo jazyka» V. I. Dalja fiksirujut vysokuju «nominativnuju plotnost'» (Karasik [7]) leksem, svjazannych so slovom miloserdije otnošenijami proizvodnosti. Sovremennye slovoobrazovatel'nye slovari otražajut sokraščenije slovoobrazovatel'nogo gnezda, v kotoroje dannoje slovo vchodit. Tak, v XI-XIX vv. byla tščatel'no razrabotana sfera sub'jekta miloserdija (miloserdečnyj, miloserdyj, milostnyj, milostivnyj, t. je. «sostradatel'nyj», «sostradajuščij» i dr.). V XX v. mnogije iz ètich slov archaizirovalis'.

The article examines the role of lexical and word-formation means in the formation of a linguistic picture of the world. The material of the study is explanatory and word-formation dictionaries of the Russian language. As the analysis of explanatory dictionaries shows, the meaning of the word mercy is narrowing. The 'conciliar features' — 'the invisible, spiritual, moral connection, which is involuntarily expressed by feeling', 'the spiritual unity of people', proposed by V. I. Dahl — are disappearing from modern dictionaries.'The Dictionary of the Russian language of the 11th-17th centuries' and 'The Explanatory Dictionary of the Living Great Russian Language' by V. I. Dahl record a high 'nominative density' (Karasik [7]) of lexemes associated with the word mercy by derivative relations. Modern word-formation dictionaries reflect a reduction of the word-formation nest which includes this word. Thus, in the 11th-19th centuries, the sphere of the subject of mercy was carefully developed (miloserdechny, miloserdny, milostny, milostivny, i.e. 'compassionate', 'empathetic' etc.). In the 20th century, many of these words became archaic.