Muhammad Abduh – islámský modernismus a snahy o náboženskou reformu v Egyptě

Abstract

This study deals with the life and thought of Muhammad cAbduh, a key fi gure of Egyptian Islamic modernism, reformist and former Grand Muftī of Egypt. cAbduh’s modernism was based on the eff ort to fi nd “rational” golden means for a solution to societal crises by a reform that would avoid the extremes of an insistent conservative resistance against everything modern, as well as recklessly accepting all that the European cultural invasion brought with it, deprecating its own roots as a result. cAbduh himself understood this reform as a return to the “pure Islam”, a rational religion supportive of energetic human activity and societal progress. In this study I deal, among other things, with Abduh’s theological stances, innovative Quranic exegesis, and his controversial fatwās.