Raně a vrcholně středověké osídlení Českobudějovické pánve (10.–13. století)

Abstract

This work is focused on Early Middle and High Middle Ages settlements dated to the 10th–13th century in the region of České Budějovice, geomorphologically in Českobudějovická basin. In particular it concentrates on the evidence available from archaeological, historical (written) and architectural records incorporated in the broader context of studying the history of medieval settlements and colonization. For the Later Hillfort Period there is increasing evidence of flatland settlements on the cadastres of contemporary living villages, illustrating the complex processes of spatial transformation of the dispersed early medieval settlements into stable villages. The funeral rite of burial mounds had been fully replaced by Christian rite on the prechurch or church funerary sites, where there are expected Romanesque foundations. In this period the Premyslid Fortress system of administrative centres Netolice and Doudleby was established and in their vicinity there were concentrated enclaves of medieval rural settlement. In the 13th century we get the first written records about the current villages, documenting their property holding and territorialisation of nobility, which reflects in the broad outlines the colonization process. In this period a long-term continuity of rural settlement is reflected in the stability of ground plan structures. The increased activity of colonization in the 13th century suggests the establishment of a monarchical and secular foundation centres – cistercian monasteries in Vyšší Brod and Zlatá Koruna and foundation or transformation of medieval towns České Budějovice, Netolice and Vodňany.