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Item Waste Management and Waste Disposal Detected by Combination of Analytical Methods: Late Bronze Age Březnice Settlement Site (South Bohemia)(2025) Šálková, Tereza; Budilová, Kristýna; Kovárník, Jaromír; Majer, Antonin; Novák, Jan; Pavelka, Jaroslav; Strouhalová, Barbora; Vobejda, Libor; Št'astný, Ondřej; Kuna, Martin; Chvojka, OndřejWaste disposal processes and landfill management are crucial subjects in the field of settlement archaeology. Our study is focused on understanding the processes that are connected to the formation of the infills of settlement features and the recycling of the building materials (daub and wood) and waste management. These research questions are addressed through the analysis of plant macroremains, charcoals, phytoliths, starch, micromorphology, phosphates and magnetic susceptibility. The results show the waste character of feature infills, which reflect the economy of the individual households. The composition of the archaeobotanical assemblages is not influenced by the type of feature, and similarities in the plant spectra often emerge in the features located close to each other. The charcoal and dendrochronological analyses suggest that part of the building's oak timber was recycled and later used as fuelwood. The presence of uncharred remains of vegetative and generative parts in wastes was detected by phytolith and starch analyses and the presence of meat and dung of livestock by animal protein analyses. Anomalies in soil phosphate indicate differing amounts of organic matter in individual features. Magnetic susceptibility measurements showed that each feature infill was formed in a one-time event. The sedimentological analysis demonstrated that the infills of different types of features were similar, but only the infill of Late and Final Bronze Age cultures' specific trench-like features was compacted. All proxies combined suggest that prior deposition of waste in sunken features first accumulated elsewhere and became mixed/homogenized.
Item Food detection in medieval acoustic vessels: A case study from the early gothic churchesin Myšenec and Kovářov (South Bohemia)(2024) Facincani, Filip; Pavelka, JaroslavThe subject of the article is two systems of acoustic vessels from the Church of St. Gall in My & scaron;enec, which is associated with the production of the so-called Zv & iacute;kov and P & iacute;sek architectural workshop, and All Saints Church in Kov & aacute;& rcaron;ov in South Bohemia. These vessels, built into the vault, were placed with their rim facing the interior of the presbytery and their bottom in the space of the attic at the same time as the construction of the vault and were probably intended to improve the acoustics of the interior of the presbytery. In the foreign synthesising literature, examples are described of custom-made vessels as well as secondarily used household vessels, i.e. those primarily intended for food storage. The paper aims to precisely determine the primary role of the vessels found in the two studied churches by detecting the hypothetical presence of food residues in them. Samples were taken from the inner surfaces of the vessels and their analysis showed a weak signal of casein (milk) in one case and a strong signal of gliadin (grain) in the other. The multiple potential functions of the vessels embedded in the vaults are discussed in the context of Czech examples and foreign research on acoustic vessels.Item Morphology, ontogeny and phenotypic plasticity of the microcrinoid Treocrinus from the Třebotov Limestone (Devonian, Daleje-Třebotov Formation; Barrandian area, Czech Republic)(2025) Mergl, Michal; Traxmandlová, IvaNew data on morphology, ontogeny, phenotypic plasticity and mode of life of the microcrinoid Treocrinus ericius from the Třebotov Limestone are discussed. The aboral cup shape variations from the barrel- to the bowl-shaped and the ontogenetic sequence of radial facets are presented. Some specimens were likely stemless to the adult stage, and their cup bases were directly fitted to a holdfast. The irregularity of cup shape is explained by different habitats. Individuals in the restricted, likely cryptic habitat lacked the stem. They had low barrel-like cups, whereby while those in more spaced microhabitat formed higher bowl-shaped cups. Examination of 160 specimens indicate that bowl-shaped cup represents a prevalent form of a theca. The aboral articular facet of bowl-shaped specimens keep a distinct lumen, a narrow crenularium and a shallow areola that confirm a development of a column in part of the population. The species achieved the maximum occurrence in the upper part of the Třebotov Limestone (Daleje-Třebotov Formation) near the Emsian-Eifelian boundary. Abundance of the Treocrinus and other microcrinoids, and abundance of associated invertebrates in the Třebotov Limestone clearly contrast with the invertebrate diversity after the Choteč Event near the base of the Choteč Formation.Item Soupis sbírky Západočeského muzea v Plzni: Lepidoptera. Část 4.(2025) Kubincová, Zuzana; Walter, JanVýsledky revize lepidopterologických sbírek Antonína Hájka a Jaroslava Poláka, uložených v Západočeském muzeu v Plzni, jsou zde prezentovány. Pokud to bylo možné, uvádíme také podrobné informace o obou sběratelích. Celkem jsme určili 333 druhů motýlů z Hájkovy sbírky a 324 druhů ze sbírky Jaroslava Poláka. Nejvýznamnější nálezy jsou uvedeny v Červeném seznamu ohrožených bezobratlých, ve zákoně č. 114/1992 Sb., nebo v evropské soustavě Natura 2000. Celkem je ve sbírkách A. Hájka a J. Poláka uloženo 108 ohrožených druhů motýlů s různým stupněm ochrany.
Item Vybrané skupiny bezobratlých přírodní rezervace Diana v Českém lese(2024) Jan, Walter; Ivana, Hradská; Stanislav, Vodička; Barbora, Podestátová; Vaňková, NicolaPrezentovány jsou výsledky faunistického průzkumu epigeických pavouků, karabidů a nočních můr přírodní rezervace Diana. Vzorkovali jsme vybrané skupiny bezobratlých v letech 2022 až 2023. Celkem jsme zaznamenali 254 druhů (43 pavouků, 23 karabidů a 188 druhů můr). Výskyt několika druhů je v ČR regionálně vzácný, a to: pavouci: Mansuphantes arciger; noční motýl: Phymatopus hecta (Linnaeus, 1758), Ochropacha duplaris (Linnaeus, 1761), Macaria signaria (Hübner, 1809), Plemyria rubiginata (Den. & Schiff.], 1775), Eupithecia actaeata (Walderdorff, 1869), E plumbeolata (Haworth, 1809), Eupithecia immundata (Lienig, 1846), Drymonia obliterata (Esper, 1785) a Calliteara abietis (Den. & Schiff., 1775). Prezentovány jsou první záznamy pavouka M. arciger a píďaliček E. acteata a E. immundata ze západních Čech.Item Cupid's sisterhood: comprehensive sampling sheds light on the systematics and evolution of the cosmopolitan butterfly genus Cupido Schrank, 1801 and its relatives (Lepidoptera: Lycaenidae)(2025) Nazari, Vazrick; ten Hagen, Wolfgang; Walter, Jan; Sucháčková Bartoňová, Alena; Naderi, Alireza; Krupitsky, Anatoly; Faltýnek Fric, ZdeněkUsing a dataset of COI barcodes and 13 other genes for Cupido and relatives, we confirm the monophyly of subtribe Everina and the revised genus Cupido (sensu lato), recognizing five genera: Cupido, Everes, Sinocupido, Lacturnea Nazari & Fric gen. nov. and Huegelia Nazari & Fric gen. nov., the latter two described to accommodate Polyommatus lacturnus Godart, [1824], Lycaena hügelii Gistel, 1857, and Huegelia irungbami Fric & Nazari sp. nov. here described from Manipur, India. Our proposed evolutionary hypothesis suggests that subtribe Everina and the genus Cupido emerged respectively around 19.9 and 10.8 MYA in Miocene. We propose the following taxonomic changes: Huegelia huegelii (Gistel, 1857) = Lycaena dipora Moore, 1865 syn. nov. = Everes indicana Lorkovic, 1943 syn. nov.; Everes prosecusa duplex (Alpheraky, 1887) = Lycaena prosecusa var. korlana Staudinger, 1901 syn. nov.; Everes alaina (Staudinger, 1887) comb. nov.; Everes alaina nagarensis Charmeux & Desse, 2006 stat. nov.; Everes prosecusa (Erschoff, 1874) comb. nov.; Pseudozizeeria bohemanni (Wallengren, 1860) comb. nov. and Pseudozizeeria draesekei (Schawerda, 1926) comb. nov.; Larinopoda elorea (Fabricius, 1793) comb. nov.; and Epimastidia diogenes (Blanchard, 1853) comb. nov. We designate the lectotype for Lycaena aricia Grum-Grshimailo, 1902 syn. nov. and synonymize it with Zizina thibetensis Poujade, 1885.Item Stereoid genus Heteroradulum (Basidiomycota, Auriculariales) in the Czech Republic(2025) Kout, Jiří; Brzica, Matěj; Tomšovský, MichalThe current knowledge of the lignicolous genus Heteroradulum was clarified for the Czech Republic. The occurrences of both European species, Heteroradulum deglubens and H. kmetii,are based on field collections and herbarium specimens. Heteroradulum deglubens was collected on dead hardwoods in near-natural forests and its identity was confirmed by DNA sequences of the ITS region. Heteroradulum kmetii was collected in warmer parts of the Czech Republic only and differs from H. deglubens in its ecology. An extended host tree spectrum is confirmed for both species.Item Modular ammonia-based hydrogen propulsion for drones and ground vehicles(2026) Pavelka, JaroslavHydrogen logistics remain a bottleneck for sustainable mobility, particularly in off-grid applications where compressed hydrogen and batteries face limits in energy density and infrastructure. This study proposes the first modular ammonia-to-hydrogen propulsion unit engineered for UAVs and ground vehicles. The compact system integrates catalytic cracking of liquid NH3 at 650-750 degrees C (Ru/SiO2for UAVs, Ni/Al2O3 for vehicles), hydrogen purification via Pd/Ag or ceramic membranes, and power conversion through either PEM fuel cells or hydrogen-adapted internal combustion engines. A cartridge-based modular design enables easy replacement of catalysts and membranes, direct adaptation to platform needs, and scalable performance. Modeling indicates that a 200 kg UAV can achieve ranges up to 150 km with 1.2-1.5 kg NH3 per 100 km. The novelty lies not in the individual processes, but in their first integration into a deployable system architecture optimized for mobility. Coupled with nuclear-sourced ammonia production, this approach outlines a fossil-free pathway that combines high energy density with improved logistics and lifecycle sustainability.Item The Devonian brachiopods Karbous and Trigonatrypa and their taxonomic placement(2025) Baarli, Gudveig; Mergl, MichalGlassiids are a group of smooth-shelled, rather unattractive Silurian and Devonian brachiopods that have barrel-shaped inner spiralia that lie across the valves. Few genera in the family have known spiralia. This contribution tries to amend that by looking at the internals of two of the five genera attributed to the family. One, the genus Trigonatrypa, has spiralia like the rest of the family. The other, Karbous, has spiralia directed down into the dorsal valve. This new obser- vation based on similar internal characteristics of the type species Karbous aperinus relocates the genus to the family Karpinskiidae.Item What is Thelephora cuticularis (Basidiomycota: Thelephorales)?(2025) Kout, JiříA study of the type specimen of the fungal species Thelephora cuticularis K(M) 69197 deposited in Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, is presented. The microscopic checking of this holotype revealed that its current accepted taxonomic concept, based mainly on missing clamps on the hyphae, is wrong. The used name of Thelephora cuticularis in the sense of Corner's monograph is not in concordance with the type specimen.Item Pozoruhodné houby Karlovarského kraje: Nálezy nových druhů i druhů z oblasti známých(2025) Martínek, Ondřej; Zíbarová, Lucie; Kout, JiříTento článek se zaměřuje na nové nálezy méně běžných makromycetů, včetně druhů z Červeného seznamu hub České republiky, které dosud nebyly v Karlovarském kraji zaznamenány. Sběr materiálu probíhal v rámci mykologického průzkumu na různých stanovištích, včetně rekultivovaných výsypek Sokolovska a přirozených biotopů CHKO Slavkovský les. Tyto biotopy byly buď rašelinného charakteru s přirozeným výskytem lesního porostu, nebo se jednalo o čistě lesní biotopy. Ty ovšem lze ještě rozdělit na lesy synantropního charakteru a lesy člověkem minimálně ovlivněné. Výsledkem je dokumentace 18 nově nalezených druhů a aktualizace údajů o dalších 14 vzácných druzích. Tyto nálezy přispívají k lepšímu poznání fungy regionu a zdůrazňují význam ochrany přírodních i antropogenních biotopů pro zachování biodiverzity hub.Item Using entomological collections to enhance elementary school learning(2025) Walter, Jan; Kout, JiříInsects are the most successful group of living organisms on the earth. They are a regular part of the school curriculum and, in light of ongoing insect extinction, should become one of the crucial topics in education. For proper understanding, it is necessary to support learning activities with a focus on species identification. We compared two demonstrative methods of teaching insect species at the lower secondary stage in elementary schools. Demonstrations using entomological collections and images were evaluated to determine which method is more effective for knowledge acquisition. Statistical analyses showed significant differences between the two observed learning methods. Pupils who used biological collections achieved better results compared to those who learned using images only.Item Endolithic microborings in corals from the Acanthopyge Limestone (Middle Devonian, Eifelian; Barrandian area; Czech Republic)(2024) Mergl, MichalThree types of microborings are described on corallites of auloporid corals from the Acanthopyge Limestone, Choteč Formation, Middle Devonian (Eifelian) of Central Bohemia. Straight unbranched galleries and swellings of Irhopalia isp. are interpreted as being produced by a phototroph, likely a chlorophyte. Two other rare ichnospecies likely represent sponge borings (Entobia? isp., Dendrina? isp.). The microborings are preserved by the hydrated iron oxide mineral casts after pyrite fillings. The perfect three-dimensional preservation of the microborings represents an alternative for the resin casting method, which cannot be used in solid limestone, where the microborings are filled by precipitated calcium carbonate.Item Faunistický průzkum pavouků, střevlíkovitých brouků a makrolepidopter přírodní rezervace Přimda(2023) Walter, Jan; Hradská, Ivana; Vodička, Stanislav; Vavřínková, Jaroslava; Němečková, AnnaV příspěvku jsou uvedeny výsledky faunistického průzkumu bezobratlých živočichů přírodní rezervace Přimda. Zkoumány byly skupiny střevlíkovitých brouků, pavouků a makrolepidopter v roce 2021 na třech odlišných stanovištích. Dohromady bylo zaznamenáno 283 druhů (61 pavouků, 25 střevlíků, 12 denních motýlů a 184 nočních motýlů). Některé druhy jsou regionálně významné případně uvedeny v červeném seznamu. Jedná se o: pavouci Agyneta subtilis (O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1863), Bathyphantes setiger F. O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1894, Maro lepidus Casemir, 1961, Mecopisthes silus (O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1873), Pelecopsis elongata (Wider, 1834), Thyreosthenius biovatus (O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1875), Micaria fulgens (Walckenaer, 1802); carabid beetle Harpalus xanthopus winkleri Schauberger, 1923; motýli: Paradarisa consonaria (Hübner, 1799), Perizoma flavofasciata (Thunberg, 1792), Notodonta tritophus (Den. & Schiff., 1775), and Apamea illyria Freyer, 1846.Item Microboring organisms — an overlooked Early-Mid Palaeozoic marine ecosystem: Case study from the Prague Basin (Czech Republic)(2024) Holcová, Katarina; Vacek, František; Čáp, Pavel; Bruthansová, Jana; Slavík, Ladislav; Mergl, Michal; Kraft, Petr; Kerkhoff, Marta Leticia Hereino; Chadimová, LeonaNearly 800 of Ordovician to Middle Devonian petrographic slides from the Prague Basin (Barrandian area, Czech Republic) have been inspected for the presence of microboring structures in bioclasts. Traces of microbioerosion are rare in the Ordovician to Lower Devonian of the studied area and are produced almost exclusively by bacteria and fungi on bioclast surfaces. However, a gradual increase in the abundance of microboring structures and their shift into bioclast interior is observed during the Silurian to the Early Devonian interval. This coincides with a generally ascending quantity of tunnels possibly produced by phototrophic microboring organisms (Cyanobacteria and Algae). Subsequently, the abundance of microendolithic structures notably increased from the Emsian onwards. They are not randomly distributed in relation to their palaeoenvironments, with most abundant occurrences in low-energy hemipelagic red carbonates. Although this may partially reflect the global marine evolutionary trends, the changes in microbioeroder ecosystems were more likely driven by local factors such as the drift of the Prague Basin from temperate to tropical climate zone, increased oxygen content near the sea floor or to a larger extent, the preserved shallow littoral facies.Item Zajímavé nálezy lišejníků ze západních Čech III(2024) Šoun, Jaroslav; Bouda, František; Kout, Jiří; Malíček, Jiří; Martínek, Ondřej; Peksa, OndřejUvádíme zde zajímavé nálezy 59 lišejníků, 2 lichenikolních hub a 1 nelichenizované houby ze západních Čech (vč. Plzeňska a Karlovarska). Celkem 40 taxonů patří do kategorií Červeného seznamu lišejníků České republiky: C1 (kriticky ohrožené druhy - 3), C2 (silně ohrožené druhy - 3), C2 (silně ohrožené druhy - 2, C3 (ohrožené druhy - 29) a DD (druhy s nedostatkem údajů - 6) podle databáze DaLiBor pro rok 2023 (Malíček 2023). Catinaria neuschildii, Chaenothecopsis consociata a Ch. nigrapředstavují nejcennější nálezy.Item Výsledky malakologického průzkumu mezi obcemi Rohozno, Beňovy a Bezděkov na Klatovsku(2024) Hrdinová, BarboraNa základě terénního výzkumu provedeného v roce 2022 je popsána diverzita a rozšíření sladkovodních i suchozemských měkkýšů mezi obcemi Rohozno, Beňovy a Bezděkov na Klatovsku (západní Čechy). Celkem bylo zjištěno 37 druhů měkkýšů Na 31 lokalitách bylo odebráno 2504 jednotlivých exemplářů. Succinea putris byl nejběžnějším druhem v této oblasti. Na třech lokalitách byl zaznamenán cizí druh Ferrissia californica. Zranitelný druh Segmentina nitida se vyskytoval na šesti lokalitách, s nejsilnější populací v PP Luňáky.Item Lingulate brachiopods from the Kotýs Limestone (Lochkov Formation, Lochkovian) from Branžovy ridge near Bubovice (Barrandian area, Czech Republic)(2024) Mergl, MichalLingulate brachiopods are described from an outcrop of the Kotýs Limestone (Lochkovian) at Branžovy ridge near Bubovice in Central Bohemia (Czech Republic). Twelve species are systematically described. Two new genera and species, Rarepora tumulamen gen. et sp. nov. (Family Obolidae) and Branzodiscus porosus gen. et sp. nov. (Family Discinidae) are erected, and one new species Paterula postsilurica sp. nov. is described. Four formerly described species (Barrandeoglossa perneri, Lochkothele intermedia, Opsiconidion holynensis and Orbiculoidea magnifica) are recognised and six other species are left in the open nomenclature being more or less tentatively affiliated with the genera Kosoidea, Praethele and Schizotreta. The lingulate brachiopods come from beds that yield abundant, diverse and well silicified rhynchonelliform brachiopods, rugose and tabulate corals, and diverse epibiontic invertebrates (craniids, bryozoans, graptolites, microcrinoids, byroniids).Item Červený seznam makromycetů ČR(2024) Zíbarová, Lucie; Kolényová, Monika; Tejklová, Tereza; Zehnálek, Petr; Antonín, Vladimír; Bartůšek, Martin; Beran, Miroslav; Běťák, Jan; Borovička, Jan; Dvořák, Daniel; Halasů, Viktorie; Holec, Jan; Jindřich, Oldřich; Jirsa, Aleš; Klener, Vavřinec; Kout, Jiří; Mlčoch, Patrik; Souček, Jiří; Ševčíková, Hana; Vašutová, MartinaČervený seznam makromycetů České republiky je první červený seznam hub, který byl v rámci ČR vypracován na základě metodických pokynů IUCN. Obsahuje 1676 taxonů (32 RE, 190 CR, 330 EN, 325 VU, 238 NT, 561 DD) hub vytvářejících plodnice viditelné pouhým okem. Pro každý z červenoseznamových druhů je v tabulkové formě uvedena jeho kategorie ohrožení, použitá kritéria, trofická kategorie a příčiny ohrožení. Taxony, které již nejsou považovány za červenoseznamové, jsou uvedeny ve zvláštní tabulce. Je diskutována struktura dat a výsledky jsou srovnány s předchozím národním červeným seznamem a celosvětovým červeným seznamem.Item Pilot plant cultivation of microalga Dictyosphaerium chlorelloides with night illumination from LEDs sources(2024) Kvíderová, Jana; Kubáč, David; Lukavský, JaromírThe cultivation of the green alga Dictyosphaerium chlorelloides was perrormed in large-volume thin-layer pilot plants with different light regimes - Sun only, and Sun + night LED illumination. The night LED illumination increased biomass production ca 2.5×. Dictyosphaerium chlorelloides produced 4 g ECP L−1. Photosynthetic performance remained stable under LEDs + Sun illumination. Electric consumption for biomass production was 0.32–0.38 kWh g−1.
