Roč. 13 (2007)
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Item Shrnutí diskuse v sekci „Výzkum vývoje krajiny“ na konferenci „Metody geografického výzkumu“ v Plzni 7. - 8. listopadu 2007(Západočeská univerzita v Plzni, Fakulta pedagogická, Katedra geografie, 2007) Kopp, Jan; Čechurová, Monika
Item Metodické přístupy k vymezení potenciálu krajiny pro amenitní migraci(Západočeská univerzita v Plzni, Fakulta pedagogická, Katedra geografie, 2007) Kopp, Jan; Novotná, Marie; Čechurová, MonikaThis methodical study is dealing with landscape potential of amenity migration into the rural regions within the Czech Republic. The main focus of the research is environmental amenities. On the basis of the literature research we present the scheme of amenity migration factors (Fig. 1). Evaluation of landscape potential is derived from several hypotheses, however, it must be tested also by counter-hypotheses (Tab. 1).Item Možnosti sběru dat pro studium topoklimatu(Západočeská univerzita v Plzni, Fakulta pedagogická, Katedra geografie, 2007) Vysoudil, Miroslav; Čechurová, MonikaMiroslav Vysoudil: Data Acquisiton for Topoclimate Research: Ways and Means Conventional topoclimate study proceeds from detail topoclimate map construction. This map represents empiric model that describes topoclimate on the base of insolation level and type of active surface. It is possible to construct this map without knowledge of meteorological elements regime. However present needs request that topoclimate categories mirrors reality as quantitatively as qualitatively. Terrain topoclimatic observation analyze allows to achieve this goals. The information sources of meteorological elements courses for topoclimate study represent most frequently automatics stationary stations, mobile measurements, and thermal monitoring. At the time, the Department of Geography at Palacky University of Olomouc, disposes with technical equipment for obtain of all kind mentioned data. Capture of needed as morphometric georelief parameters as land cover data is not subject of article.Item Geografický výzkum religiózní krajiny Česka(Západočeská univerzita v Plzni, Fakulta pedagogická, Katedra geografie, 2007) Havlíček, Tomáš; Hupková, Martina; Čechurová, MonikaThe research of religious topic begins to develop after the year 1989. The geography of religion recognizes the religiosity and region (environment) relation. The important demonstration of this interaction is the sacral objects in the cultural landscape. The primary challenge is the formation of database of sacral objects und consequent analyses. The complex research of role of religion in the particular model regions is practised with the field research, questionnaire and quantification of religiosity (e.g. index of secularisation). The comparison of result tend to discovery of status and development of regional differentiation in the religious landscape in Czechia and to general analyses of religious landscape of Czechia.Item Změny odtokového procesu v krajině – indikační a interpretační přístupy k výzkumu vývoje krajiny(Západočeská univerzita v Plzni, Fakulta pedagogická, Katedra geografie, 2007) Kopp, Jan; Čechurová, MonikaThis paper is a methodological review concentrated on research of runoff process changes in the context with the landscape development. We present on one hand hydrological and geomorphological methods, which indicate landscape changes (runoff or water quality time series analysis, river morphology research, river network reconstruction). On the other hand we can interpret landscape development (land use and landscape structure changes, environmental history) as changes of fluvial system. We classify these methods in ecohydrological approaches as an interdisciplinary field of research concentrated on application of hydrological knowledge in landscape ecology. The use of concrete methods is illustrated by examples.Item Proměny krajiny v 19. století: témata, přístupy, metody(Západočeská univerzita v Plzni, Fakulta pedagogická, Katedra geografie, 2007) Klapka, Pavel; Nováková, Eva; Vyskočil, Aleš; Čechurová, MonikaThe nineteenth century witnessed crucial economic, social and political changes, which were reflected in the secondary and tertiary landscape structure and land use. Changes were most intensive roughly during the 2nd half of the 19th century. Theme of changes of geographic environment in this period has been in historical geographical research neglected so far. Contribution deals with assessment of topics, approaches and methods that are related to landscape changes during the 19th century.Item Analýza vývoje krajinné struktury na území(Západočeská univerzita v Plzni, Fakulta pedagogická, Katedra geografie, 2007) Pechanec, Vilém; Borek, Jiří; Kilianová, Helena; Čechurová, MonikaTopic of conference papers is aimed to detect and quantify the landscape changes identified from the aerial photos, to describe quality and structure based on landscape indexes in a given stage and to appoint the main causes of the changes in the landscape development. The aerial photos were visual interpretation and then manual digitized. Created categories of land use were subdued to the landscape analyses. The results of the landscape analyses were interpreted.Item Metody hodnocení územních diferenciací dlouhodobých změn využití země(Západočeská univerzita v Plzni, Fakulta pedagogická, Katedra geografie, 2007) Štych, Přemysl; Čechurová, MonikaThe major topic of this article is the evaluation of longterm changes in land use in Czechia. This study searches spatial differentiation of changes and factors (driving forces) for these processes since the 19th century. The data and the methodical base elaborated by the research team of the Faculty of Science, Charles University in Prague, are the mainstay of this study, firstly to mention the comprehensive Land Use Land Cover Change database (LUCC UK Prague) which comprises statistical data on the land use in 1845, 1948, 1990 and 2000. The chief benefit of this article can be seen in the methodical procedures of application of modern geo-informative methods in the land use change research. The GIS tools were used to search for the factors of land use changes in modelling selected geographical characteristics of the examined units.Item Historické letecké snímky v geografickém výzkumu – problémy při jejich zpracování a možná řešení(Západočeská univerzita v Plzni, Fakulta pedagogická, Katedra geografie, 2007) Herber, Vladimír; Pavelková Chmelová, Renata; Čechurová, MonikaThe beginning of the aerial photography of Czech landscapes coincides with the late 1930s. During the last seven decades several hundred thousands mainly panchromatic images were made primarily for military purposes. These images covered the entire territory of the Czech Republic, in fact Czechoslovakia, as the Czech Republic was a part of his country at that time. A special military unit exists up to this day but social changes after 1989 initiated the rise of the private sector and the aerial photography became business. The interpretation of aerial images from the historical military archive mentioned above has its specificity. The most of archive aerial images do not have complete data concerning the camera calibration certificate, e.g. a focal length, fiducial film coordinates, height of flight, time and date or scale. The following article describes processing possibilities of these images by the photogrammetric method, so-called orthorectification by the Leica Photogrammetry Suite – special photogrammetric software for geospatial image processing.Item Stibologie a vývoj krajiny(Západočeská univerzita v Plzni, Fakulta pedagogická, Katedra geografie, 2007) Květ, Radan; Čechurová, MonikaScience of old pathes – stibology - give possibility to investigate changes of transit in the course of millenniums influenced of growth of number of inhabitants and of transformation of landscape given by man. It is applied physical geography and social geography at the same time during this studing and archeology too. Fundamental part of the work is finding of predispositions for genesis of paths. We (couple R. Květ and S. Řehák) have established, that the main predispositions are relief of landscape and hydrographic net. Long distance paths are determined as basic net of transport in lansdscape during prehistory (but with possilbility of function of this net in historical times too - till beginnig of 18. century). Physical geography is applied in this part of work. Next determination is knowledge about first information net of man. This second net is dependent on net of old paths. Social geography is applied now. And final information: Archaeology could verify assigned old paths of prehistoric times, when she has finds in the neighbourhood of old paths. Two main publications (KVĚT 2003, KVĚT, PODBORSKÝ ed. 2006) are citated in the czech text.Item Propojení geografických a geobotanických metod při mapování flóry a vegetace velkých městských aglomerací na příkladu Plzně(Západočeská univerzita v Plzni, Fakulta pedagogická, Katedra geografie, 2007) Chocholoušková, Zdeňka; Čechurová, MonikaThe aim of this paper is to show the methods of collection botanical data using by interconection of geographical methods (mapping alien species, rare species, etc. with PDA and software ArcPad 7.0.1.as point and urban biotops as polygon) and geobotanical metods.Item Posouzení vlivu likvidace invazních neofytů v nivě Morávky s použitím GPS mapování – vstupní analýza(Západočeská univerzita v Plzni, Fakulta pedagogická, Katedra geografie, 2007) Kadubec, Josef; Švec, Pavel; Čechurová, MonikaIn the lower course of the River Morávka, including pSCI Niva Morávky, invasive neophytes, especially Reynoutria spp. expanded heavily after the disastrous flood in July 1997. The neophytes expand on a mass scale both in alluvial forest and in bank of gravel, one of the last habitats for critically endangered species Myricaria germanica in the Czech Republic. Since 2006 the project „Rescue of floodplain habitats in the Morávka catchment” has been developed for maintaining and sustaining of autochthonous species, supported by European Union within the framework of Life Program. A combination of mechanic and chemical agents is used to suppress the population of Reynoutria spp. This can negatively influence the occurence of species. The methods of phytosociological survey and GPS mapping is used to assess the efficiency of elimination action and its negative impacts. This article records the situation in vegetation period 2007 before the hits and describes the methodological base. A guaranteed assessment will not be possible until further investigation during the next years.Item Změny v rozšíření invazních druhů rostlin jako jeden z indikátor krajinných změn(Západočeská univerzita v Plzni, Fakulta pedagogická, Katedra geografie, 2007) Matějček, Tomáš; Čechurová, MonikaThe aim of this paper is to show the methods of collection, processing and evaluation of informations about the invasive plant spread in landscape. This species may indicate landscape changes (often they are r-strategs, able to occupate new established habitats quickly), on the other hand they itselves are the reason of lanscape changes. The highest concentration of invasive plant species is along comunications and especially along water courses. This corridors make possible the matherial and energy flows in landscape. This is the reason that the riverbank vegetation reflects the situation of the invasive plant spread and the level of real or potencial lanscape changes in all the catchment. The method of riverbank vegetation mapping was developed and 500 km of riverbanks in Czech republic was mapped. The first results of this mapping related to landscape changes are discussed in this paper.Item Projekt Kačina – interdisciplinární výzkum kulturní krajiny(Západočeská univerzita v Plzni, Fakulta pedagogická, Katedra geografie, 2007) Lipský, Zdeněk; Čechurová, MonikaThe main goal of the paper is to introduce the project of the implementation of the measures of the European Landscape Convention on the local level. The research is realized as a pilot study in the area of Nové Dvory – Žehušice in the Central Bohemia. The model area represents a nice example of an intensively used agricultural area with significant signs of historical landscape design activities that trace back to the baroque and Augustan age, especially in the surroundings of the Ka ina Chateau in the center of the area. A detailed investigation of historical development as well as present state of the cultural landscape, identification of its potential and development possibilities as well as risks and possible threats of future developments are among main goals of the research. According to the demands of the European Landscape Convention, the emphasis is laid on the participative approach, i.e. to involve both general public and professional community, state and municipal authorities and further „players“ and stakeholders interested in the landscape of the model area. To investigate cultural landscape, as it is perceived and understood in the Convention, a complex approach bridging over traditional division of the physical and social geography is necessary. Cultural landscape such a represents an integrating object of the geographical research. The interdisciplinary character of the project calls for the involvement of a range of geographical and other disciplines and different research methodsItem Metody studia změn krajiny(Západočeská univerzita v Plzni, Fakulta pedagogická, Katedra geografie, 2007) Kolejka, Jaromír; Čechurová, MonikaLandscape changes are subjects of study of landscape science, landscape ecology and geoecology. The landscape invariant is defined as the starting point of landscape changes research. The invariant is represented by the stable landscape features: natural (primary) structure - its spatial vertical and horizontal aspects, functional blocks and time consequence of processes, functional (secondary) structure: land use pattern, human (tertiary) structure (social features and interests), and spiritual (quaternary) structure (psychological acceptance of landscape). Temporary changes produced by autoregulative (cyclic) processes are without any invariant changes, while the evolutionary processes change the invariant. Both classes of invariant changes characterize natural and cultural landscapes. Research methods of landscape changes are classified from many viewpoints. The accuracy criteria for land use changes detection are presented. In conclusion, the recent problems of landscape research in Czech Republic are discussed.Item Mapování svahových deformací ve východní části Vsetínských vrch(Západočeská univerzita v Plzni, Fakulta pedagogická, Katedra geografie, 2007) Klimeš, Jan; Čechurová, MonikaDetailed geomorphologic mapping of the selected part of Vsetínské vrchy Hills was aimed to identify recent as well as relict forms of slope deformations. The slope deformations were classified according their type and activity. Following types were identified during field investigation: landslides and earth flows, debris flows and complex slope deformations. General as well as detailed rules for classification of individual slope deformations into these classes are discussed. Activity of the slope deformations was determined according their morphological features and vegetation cover. Forms which may be misinterpreted as slope deformations are listed and described. These include mostly man made features - old roads, agricultural terraces and old queries. Natural forms are represented by blow downs of trees. Specific rules for field mapping of man made features are stated.Item Vybrané metody morfostrukturní analýzy(Západočeská univerzita v Plzni, Fakulta pedagogická, Katedra geografie, 2007) Štěpančíková, Petra; Čechurová, MonikaMorphostructural analysis as a set of several partial methods addresses the explanation of relationship between the geological structure (lithology, structural setting) and the relief within the area. Particular methods are either based on field research or include morphometric methods and methods of remote sensing, which analyse and process interdisciplinary cartographic data as well as digital elevation model (DEM) within the GIS. Field work involves particularly mapping of structural landforms and the fluvial landforms which could be potentially related to neotectonic activity. Moreover, it involves joint and fault analysis compared with results of morpholineament analysis in order to learn their potential causal relationship. Morphometric methods evaluate parameters of relief elements and their relationships. The results of these methods facilitate a selection of model, potentially geodynamic areas, as well as they confirm, complete or specify the results of the field research on the mathematical base.Item Využití elektrické odporové tomografie (ERT) v geomorfologii(Západočeská univerzita v Plzni, Fakulta pedagogická, Katedra geografie, 2007) Šilhán, Karel; Pánek, Tomáš; Čechurová, MonikaApplication of electrical resistivity tomography (ERT) in geomorphology. Geophysical sounding is getting to be very important tool for geomorphological reaearch. Electrical resistivity tomography (ERT) is (beside ground penetrating radar and seismic refraction) one of the most suitable technique for investigation of the depth and internal structure of various quaternary deposits, weathering mantles, landslides and other geomorphic topics. Method is based on applying a constant current into the ground through two „current electrodes“ and measuring the resulting voltage differences at two „potential electrodes“. Our measurements (33 case studies) are established on the Schlumberger electrode array which was chosen during resistivity measurement and resulting apparent resistivity pseudosection was transformed into a model representing continuous distribution of calculated electrical resistivity in the subsurface by RES2Dinv software. We obtained the best results when studying internal structure and depth of alluvial and lacustrine deposits, deep-seated gravitational slope deformations and tectonic features (e. g. passing of faults).Item GIS ako všeobecný a špecifický nástroj geografického výskumu(Západočeská univerzita v Plzni, Fakulta pedagogická, Katedra geografie, 2007) Minár, Jozef; Mentlík, Pavel; Čechurová, MonikaItem Systémová a geomorfologická analýza(Západočeská univerzita v Plzni, Fakulta pedagogická, Katedra geografie, 2007) Mentlík, Pavel; Čechurová, MonikaThe article deals with system analysis in context of geomorphological analysis. An example of system analysis of the surroundings of Prášilské jezero Lake in the Šumava Mts. is presented.
