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Item Warstwowa mapa pojȩć – na przykładzie koncepcji homeostazy(Ostravská univerzita, 2024) Nodzyńska-Moroń, Małgorzata Krystyna; Jyż-Kuroń, DanutaW artykule opisano zastosowanie warstwowych map pojęć do zgromadzenia i uporządkowania pojęć związanych z homeostazą. Opisano początkowe założenia projektu oraz ich modyfikację wynikajacą z przeszkód napotykamych w trakcie realizacji. Realizacja treści biochemicznych nie może ograniczać się jedynie do zapamiętywania przez uczniów skojarzonych z nimi nazw lub wzorów związków chemicznych, cykli czy szlaków biochemicznych, ale powinna prowadzić do rozwinięcia umiejętności rozumienia omawianych procesów i ich powiązań na mapie metabolicznej komórki. Zrozumienie procesów metabolizmu substancji i energii oraz zagadnienia integracji metabolicznej umożliwi studentom zrozumienie mechanizmów homeostatycznych organizmów.Wiadomości te są umieszczone w różnych sekcjach. Ich zbieranie i porządkowanie wymaga od uczniów wysiłku intelektualnego. Dlatego zdecydowano się na zastosowanie warstwowej mapy pojęć do gromadzenia i wizualizacji treści związanych z homeostazą.
Item Využití her ve výuce přírodovědných předmětů na ZŠ(Ostravská univerzita, 2024) Večeřová, Markéta; Richtr, VáclavPříspěvek se zabývá využitím různých her při výuce přírodovědných předmětů (chemie, přírodopis) na 2. stupni základní školy. Jednotlivé hry jsou zde popsány, včetně pravidel a návodů na realizaci. Poster obsahuje obrazový materiál k vybraným hrám, včetně ukázek. Součástí příspěvku je také souhrn hodnocení her žáky.Item Mýdlo a zmýdelnění ve středoškolské výuce chemie(Ostravská univerzita, 2024) Žemlička, Matěj; Richtr, VáclavText se zaměřuje na teoretické a praktické aspekty lipidy, přičemž podrobně popisuje jejich chemické vlastnosti, strukturu a aplikace. Lipidy jsou organické molekuly s nízkou rozpustností ve vodě, přičemž hlavními typy jsou tuky a oleje, které se liší ve své chemické struktuře a fyzikálních vlastnostech. Tato práce rovněž popisuje výrobu mýdla prostřednictvím zmýdelnění živočišných tuků, kde je kladeno důraz na procesy chemických reakcí a vzniklý produkt – mýdlo. V teoretické části jsou uvedeny detaily o složení tuků a olejů, včetně rozdělení mastných kyselin na nasycené a nenasycené, a jejich vlivu na skupenství příslušných látek. Praktická část se zaměřuje na laboratorní přípravu mýdla a testování jeho chemických vlastností, včetně pH, rozpustnosti v různých rozpouštědlech a pěnivosti v tvrdé vodě. Text také zahrnuje doporučení pro školní výuku chemie, zaměřenou na aplikaci těchto poznatků ve výuce laboratorních postupů. Celkově text nabízí ucelený pohled na chemii lipidů a její využití v každodenním životě, konkrétně při výrobě mýdla.Item Stanovení vybraných parametrů Ferdinandova pramene a transformace do výuky chemie(Ostravská univerzita, 2024) Hrdlička, Jan; Flosman, PetrChemie je přírodní vědou založenou na experimentu a je tedy vhodné hledat nové možnosti, jak obměnit a doplnit portfolio praktických cvičení, které je možné provádět na školách. Zajímavým zdrojem inspirace může být oblast aplikované analytické chemie. Pokud je cílem analýzy reálný vzorek, který je studentům důvěrně známý, může to také zvýšit jejich zájem.V západních Čechách mohou být takovým vzorkem různé vývěry minerálních vod. Příspěvek je věnován především sledování několika vybraných parametrů Ferdinandova pramene v Mariánských Lázních. Jsou diskutovány jak možnosti využití vybraných postupů jako experimentální činnosti ve výuce chemie, tak hodnocení získaných výsledků, a to i v souvislostech s geografií či biologií.Item Výpočtové úlohy ve výuce chemie na střední škole(Ostravská univerzita, 2024) Sirotek, Vladimír; Šátavová, SimonaPříspěvek se zabývá problematikou výpočtových úloh ve výuce chemie na střední škole. V článku jsou diskutovány výsledky průzkumu, který byl prováděn na základě vyhodnocení jednoduchého testu zadaného studentům a dotazníkového šetření mezi studenty a učiteli chemie na středních školách.Item The Durability of Formal Knowledge and Its Restructuring During Lifelong Learning(Scientia Socialis, Ltd., 2023) Nodzyńska-Moroń, Małgorzata Krystyna; Sirotek, VladimírFormal science education is the last stage of acquiring scientific knowledge for most people. They rely on the knowledge acquired at school for the rest of their lives. Therefore, it is important that formal education changes students' colloquial knowledge into scientific knowledge and is correct. The study decided to test three situations. In the first one, it was examined whether formal education actually displaces the colloquial knowledge of students. In the second, the level of knowledge acquired at school was compared with the level of extracurricular knowledge. The third examined the durability of knowledge acquired at school, i.e. can school knowledge be changed, e.g. through advertising or popular science publications? The main hypothesis of the research was the assumption that school knowledge eliminates erroneous, clichéd beliefs and is permanent over time. The study tested chemical knowledge related to cooking. 472 people participated in the study and an online questionnaire was used. The research built on previous research on the correlation between scientific knowledge and non-scientific beliefs and pedagogical theories on knowledge transfer. The obtained results did not confirm the main hypothesis. Formal school education turned out to be less effective than non-formal education. It seems, therefore, that school education should not focus on facts that students forget and that change during their informal(lifelong) education. Rather, it should focus on the ability to independently construct knowledge.Item Fieldwork in teaching biology(Univerzita Karlova, 2023) Mikołajczyk, Justyna; Nodzyńska-Moroń, Małgorzata KrystynaFieldwork in teaching natural subjects, including biology, is an important element in shaping the skills and attitudes of young people. Therefore, in Poland, in the core curriculum for teaching biology, there is an obligation for biology teachers to conduct "fieldwork education". On the other hand, numerous limitations, including time, organizational and legal difficulties make it difficult for teachers to fulfill this obligation. The article presents the results of research of biology teachers regarding their opinions on fieldwork. It was analyzed how respondents assessed the expected effectiveness of fieldwork, defined their ability and willingness to conduct such activities, and determined what external factors influenced their motivation to conduct such activities.Item Testing techniques pH and their attractiveness in chemical education(Univerzita Karlova, 2023) Nodzyńska-Moroń, Małgorzata Krystyna; Cieśla, Paweł; Sirotek, Vladimír; Štrofová, Jitka; Zimak-Piekarczyk, PaulinaCurrently, in everyday life, the term pH appears frequently in advertisements or on the packages for various products. The definition of pH has changed since the beginning of the 17th century. Currently, the Sørensen definition for pH from the beginning of the 20th century is most often used. However, many students and teachers find the mathematical notation very difficult to understand. Therefore, in education, teachers use various activities to introduce the concept of pH without having to introduce logaritmus and additionally to keep the classes interesting for students. Studies on the attractiveness of pH measurement laboratory classes were carried out. Five different activities of pH testing were investigated among pupils (8-10 years), university students and teachers.Item The influence of alcohol models on students’ perception(Univerzita Karlova, 2023) Nodzyńska-Moroń, Małgorzata Krystyna; Zimak-Piekarczyk, Paulina; Jyż-Kuroś, DanutaStudents find chemistry a complicated subject. Because to understand the properties of how microscopic properties affect macroscopic properties, teachers use explanatory models. In teaching chemistry, we use different types of models of chemical molecules. However, the question arises: are all models equally effective? The research was conducted in 4 classes of upper secondary schools in the third year of study. 68 students took part in the survey. The students were divided into four groups, each using a different model type. It investigated whether working with different models affects students' perception of the structure of mono-alcohol molecules.Item Facts and myths about radiation – based on the statements of high school students(IATED Academy, 2023) Nodzyńska-Moroń, Małgorzata Krystyna; Chrzanowski, Marcin; Siporska, AgnieszkaLarge educational research project, addressed to secondary school students, based on a survey, is being carried out in Poland, the Czech Republic and the United States. In the survey the attitudes, preconceptions and misconceptions of several hundred high school students from the three countries will be assessed. The main themes of the survey are: the concepts of radioactivity, matter and energy. The research will be conducted using a seventy-item questionnaire including the following types of questions: open-ended, multiple-choice questions, True-False and using the Likert scale. The preparation of the tool included many stages, including the Delphi technique.One of the steps includes a screen test on a group of 108 students attending three schools. Schools were chosen according to the Perspektywy ranking - ranking of the thousand best schools in Poland: one school placed in the first fifteenth (School A) and two following it: circa about 300th place (Schools B & C). The presentation will concern the various stages of preparing the research tool with particular emphasis on the screening test.The number of examined students from School A and Schools B & C was equal to 62 and 46, respectively. The paper concerns 3 chosen items related to the comparison of the mass of the nucleus and the whole atom: open-ended, true-false and multiple choice. Significant differences in the knowledge of students regarding the comparison of the mass of the nucleus and the mass of the atom from School A and from Schools B & C were noticed.The correlations between students' responses of all 3 questions have been recognized as weak. It seems to be that the students' knowledge connected to this subject is not fixed. We will also discuss how the students' answers influenced the preparation of the broadened version of the key code and the improvement of items.
Item Time management and the effectiveness of teaching – on the example of teaching chemistry in primary schools(IATED Academy, 2023) Nodzyńska-Moroń, Małgorzata Krystyna; Baprowska, AnnaThe article discusses the theoretical foundations and research results on the influence of organizational factors of learning on learning outcomes in chemistry. Chemistry was chosen for research because it turned out that in chemistry there are the closest connections between individual topics, and the lack of knowledge on one topic strongly affects the misunderstanding of the next topic. Therefore, proper organization of work, including systematic learning, is important.The research focuses on the topics "acids and hydroxides" and "salts" because many years of observations have shown that the correlation between students' knowledge of the topic "salt" is closely related to their understanding of the topic "acids and bases".A review of the literature shows a lack of extensive research on this topic, with only one article discussing in detail the difficulties in teaching/learning chemistry related to systematics and describing how to plan learning. Therefore, this is a new and interesting area of research.Research has shown the positive role of the teacher in managing learning time in chemistry and its impact on changing students' attitudes towards managing learning time. Task reminders were shown to influence the number of tasks students completed. And that there is a correlation between the results of knowledge tests on "Acids and hydroxides" and the results of knowledge tests on "Salts".Item The impact of prior knowledge on the educational effectiveness of simulations for reconciling chemical equations(Charles University, Faculty of Education, 2024) Nodzyńska-Moroń, Małgorzata Krystyna; Sirotek, VladimírBalancing chemical equations is a difficult element of chemical education. Therefore, the solution is to use PhET simulation, which shows how by making sandwiches you learn to balance chemical reactions. Our previous research has demonstrated the usefulness of this simulation in teaching children aged 9 to 12. Over 50% of them achieved success. The research aimed to investigate whether this simulation is equally useful in teaching older students (respondents were between 14 and 19 years old). A total of 251 students completed a pre-test and then a post-test after working with the simulation. It turned out that the longer students studied chemistry, the more difficult it was for them to understand this analogy. As an explanation for this fact, psychological concepts such as negative transfer, proactive. This means that simulations should be used at the earliest possible stages of learning.Item Facts and myths about radiaton – Polish students' attitudes towards ionizing radiation(IATED International Academy of Technology, Education and Development, 2024) Nodzyńska-Moroń, Małgorzata Krystyna; Chrzanowski, Marcin M.; Siporska, AgnieszkaThe paper describes research results regarding the attitudes, prejudices and misconceptions of over 100 Polish high school students in the field of radioactivity. The study was conducted using an almost seventy-item survey containing the following questions: open-ended, multiple choice, true-false and using a Likert scale. The preparation of the tool is described in the article “Facts And Myths About Radiation - Based On The Statements Of High School Students” written by Nodzyńska-Moroń, Chrzanowski and Siporska (2023) [1].The article concerns selected issues related to ionizing radiation. 10 questions were selected, including four open:1. Write 5 words that you associate with the term: radioactivity.2. What type of radiation were you exposed to today?3. Write what the sign means: (radiation food preservation)4. Write what the sign means: (radioactive radiation):and six closed-edned (six-point scale from very likely to unlikely)5. How do you feel when you see the sign: (radioactive radiation)?6. How far from the nuclear power plant would you be able to live permanently?7. After the Fukushima power plant failure, two-headed animals were born. (Likert scale)8. Nuclear power plant workers should constantly take Lugol's iodine to protect themselves from radiation. (Likert scale)9. Due to the situation in Ukraine, we should take potassium iodide tablets every week as a preventive measure (Likert scale).10. Ionizing radiation is used to sterilize dried herbal spices. (Likert scale)The paper concerns selected issues related to The International Nuclear and Radiological Event Scale - INES Scale (Fukushima, Chernobyl), food irradiation and the protection of the population against the effects of ionizing radiation related to military operations.About 30% of the students recognized the Radura symbol, and about 80% indicated the correct meaning of the ionizing radiation pictogram, featuring three curved blades emanating from a central point. About 20% of students are aware that they are in contact with ionizing radiation every day. Correlations between students' answers to questions: 5 and 6 to 10 were calculated and recognized as weak ones.Item “Gender determination” in the minds of Polish and Czech students(IATED, 2024) Nodzyńska-Moroń, Małgorzata Krystyna; Czerwiec, Karolina; Leżucha, Magdalena; Sirotek, VladimírSexual development is influenced by many factors acting during prenatal development, such as exposure to androgens, sex chromosomes and brain structure. As sexual differentiation of the genitalia occurs much earlier (i.e. in the first two months of pregnancy) than sexual differentiation of the brain, which begins in the second half of pregnancy, these two processes can be influenced independently of each other.The research aimed to diagnose students' knowledge of sex-determination disorders.The research question was:What knowledge do students have about gender dysphoria?Hypothesis:Science students will have a greater knowledge and awareness of the mechanisms of human sex determination.The research was conducted at two universities in the Czech Republic and Poland. 271 students (99 from the Czech Republic and 172 from Poland) participated in the study, including 240 females (74 from the Czech Republic and 166 from Poland) and 30 males (25 and 5 respectively). The research sample was selected based on the assumption that there are differences in awareness of gender and gender identity issues in Polish and Czech societies. The research was conducted using the diagnostic survey method and the survey technique. The research instrument was a questionnaire.It turned out that the students' knowledge of "gender determination" is insufficient, and in many cases, they are aware of the shortcomings. Czech students are more knowledgeable. It has been shown that there is an urgent need to pay attention to the education of students, especially pedagogical/teaching students, in the field of problems related to human gender determination in biological health and social aspects. To meet the challenges of social norms and consider that knowledge in this field is necessary in the modern world, universities should educate and present ethical attitudes towards the causes of the atypicality of the human body.Item Kvalitativní pohled na řešení chemických výpočtů studenty prvních ročníků vysokých škol(Ostravská univerzita, 2024) Koperová, Dominika; Machková, Veronika; Bártová, Iveta; Sirotek, Vladimír; Šmejkal, Petr; Štrofová, Jitka; Rusek, MartinDosavadní výsledky výzkumů zaměřených na schopnost vysokoškolských studentů řešit chemické výpočty poukazují na jejich nedostatky i u základních typů výpočtů. V této studii studenti z šesti univerzit v ČR (N = 547) vyplnili test složený z úloh na základní chemické výpočty. Tento příspěvek se zaměřuje na kvalitativní analýzu postupů studentů – nejčastěji používané postupy vedoucí ke správnému řešení základních typů chemických úloh. Ty převážně odpovídají postupům uvedeným ve středoškolských učebnicích. Současně byly analyzovány i postupy, které vedly k chybným řešením a nesprávným výsledkům. Výsledky tak reflektují kurikulum středoškolské chemie dosažené studenty, kteří si ji vybrali jako studijní obor. Zároveň jsou uvedeny možnosti zlepšení stávajícího stavu.Item Historický vhled do zpětnovazebních principů učebnic chemie(Ostravská univerzita, 2024) Rychtera, Jiří; Sirotek, VladimírNahlédneme-li do RVP, je jedním z úkolů současných učitelů přispívat k rozvíjení kompetence k učení, což při konkretizaci této kompetence představuje mj., že žák svoje učení a pracovní činnosti sám plánuje a organizuje, využívá je jako prostředku pro seberealizaci a osobní rozvoj. V důsledku tento požadavek znamená, že k zabezpečení této kompetence je třeba mj. kvalitních informačních zdrojů, jež považujeme za nezbytný prostředek vzdělávání. Prvními informačními zdroji, se kterými přichází žák nebo student do styku jsou učebnice, v našem případě učebnice chemie. Jak je obecně známo, kvalitní učebnice je tzv. edukačním konstruktem, což znamená, že se skládá z aparátu prezentace učiva, aparátu řízení učení a aparátu orientačního. Při podrobném rozboru existujících učebnic chemie lze konstatovat, že v historickém kontextu byl vždy součástí aparát prezentace učiva případně aparát orientační, i když i na nich můžeme pozorovat změny kvalitativního i kvantitativního charakteru. Nejvýraznější změny je však možné pozorovat v aparátu řízení učení a právě analýza těchto změn je součástí příspěvku.Item Green chemistry - practical solutions in the chemistry laboratory(Charles University, Faculty of Education, 2024) Nodzyńska-Moroń, Małgorzata KrystynaLaboratory classes are an important element of chemical education. We explored the possibility of replacing traditional school experiments with other experimentation techniques such as the use of microscale and droplet analysis, microwave oven, microscope, and online laboratories. 44 university students participated in the research. They carried out traditional and modified experiments and assessed them in terms of safety, environmental nuisance, and satisfaction. Students reported enjoying the new techniques, but after 8 years of learning traditional chemistry, they did not perceive the harmful effects of traditional experiences. Therefore, they did not agree with the need to replace traditional experiences with more ecological ones. The obtained results show that chemistry students and future teachers do not recognize the role of green chemistry and do not consider it necessary to redesign chemical experiments to make them more environmentally friendly.Item Elektrolyty ve výuce chemie(Ostravská univerzita, 2024) Štrofová, Jitka; Pátý, JiříPříspěvek se zabývá problematikou elektrolytů ve výuce chemie na jednotlivých stupních vzdělávání. Pozornost je věnována propojení teoretických vědomostí o elektrolytech a jejich vlastnostech s praktickými dovednostmi.Item Ozon v přípravě budoucích učitelů chemie a ve výuce na středních školách(Ostravská univerzita, 2024) Richtr, Václav; Vála, LukášPříspěvek je zaměřen na historii a současnost přípravy a využití ozonu na katedře chemie FPE ZČU v Plzni. Uvedeny jsou mnohaleté zkušenosti se zařazením tématu do výuky organické chemie a řešení kvalifikačních prací a několikaleté zkušenosti se zařazením tématiky do laboratorních cvičení z organické chemie. Pozornost je také věnována vlivu ozonu na životní prostředí a život současné společnosti. Tato problematika je sledována i pohledem středoškolského učitele.Item Lapbook as a tool for collecting and hierarchizing content(Charles University, Faculty of Education, 2022) Nodzyńska-Moroń, Małgorzata Krystyna; Jyż-Kuroś, DanutaConstructivist learning theory assumes the importance of a student's activity and independence in acquiring knowledge. In this case, gaining knowledge is a process that takes place in constant interaction with the environment and confrontation with oneself, in order to ultimately lead to the reconstruction of the image of one's own world. One of the tools for organizing self-acquired knowledge is the lapbook. It is something like a thematic folder in which the student collects information on a selected topic. The article describes the research on high school students who made their own lapbook. A pedagogical experiment (ones group technique) in which 53 students participated was used in the research. The influence of creating a lapbook on students' school achievements was described.
