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Item Evaluation of distance education at the universities of the Czech Republic during the COVID-19 pandemic from a students´ perspective(Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, 2023) Vallišová, Lucie; Palacká, AlenaAs a result of the COVID-19 pandemic, educational institutions in the Czech Republic were closed on 11 March 2020 until further notice. Czech schools were the second longest fully closed schools in Europe. There has been a rapid transformation to distance learning. The objective of the presented paper is to define effects this closure had on selected university students and how these university students evaluate distance learning. Questionnaire survey among university students was used in order to find out students´ opinion. According to the study results, there is no statistically significant relationship between students´ abilities to adapt to changes in teaching forms during the Covid-19 pandemic and the number of completed semesters at university, their previous study results, nor their character and personality qualities. This study shows that the Covid-19 pandemic did not have a significant effect on the average study results of students at economics universities in the Czech Republic.
Item Availability of non-financial information for objective group of users(Metropolitan University Prague, 2021) Vallišová, Lucie; Hinke, Jana; Kolářová, LenkaThe aim of this paper is at first to compare the requirements of non-financial information processing standards according to the available literature and then to determine whether non-financial information is publicly available to such an extent and quality to meet the needs of variousstakeholders. Representatives of five group of stakeholders were selected to the sample of respondents: management of the organization; the owners of the organization; auditors; representatives of local governments and authorities; academics. The results of the questionnairesurvey revealed that active users of non-financial information rely most on the information published in the annual reports, followed by the websites of the entities. Furthermore, it was possible to trace from the questionnaire survey that stakeholders are most interested in information about the area of the environment and employee issues. Less watched areas are social issues and the fight against corruption and bribery. Within the evaluation of important areas of non-financial information for individual groups of stakeholders, it seems interesting to find a greater variability of responses among management and owners, than among auditors and academics.Item Differentiation of delivery of goods and provision of services to entities from other member states(Metropolitan University Prague, 2021) Vondraš, Petr; Hinke, JanaThe goal of this paper is to describe the differentiation between the delivery of goods and the provision of services in respect to the VAT in the Czech Republic, further to compare this concept with the German legislation, to demonstrate differences with practical examples and to make a recommendation based on the findings for the most suitable concept that would be applicable across the EU. From the performed desk research, demonstration of practical examples and comparison of defined ways, a clear rule was defined as the most suitable for the differentiation whether it is a delivery of goods or a provision of services – a product from a serial production is a delivery of goods. A product made according to the customer’s wishes is a provision of services. In the case of repairs, any repair involving the work of a person, or a machine should be considered a service. Only the delivery of a thing that is a new product to the customer and is not a repair of his already owned product should be considered a delivery of goods with installation and assembly.Item Regulations and research trends in transfer pricing(Západočeská univerzita v Plzni, 2024) Ziebová, Lucie; Hinke, JanaTransfer pricing is a key element in intra-company transactions between related entities in multinational corporations. Given that these transactions take place within one corporate group, transfer prices can have a significant impact on the profitability of individual parts of this group (individual businesses), which in turn affects the amount of taxes paid in the individual countries where the corporation operates. However, transfer pricing plays a fundamental role not only in corporate economics, but also in international tax policy. The aim of this contribution is to first characterize transfer pricing in the domestic and international tax environment, then to describe the legal regulations that affect multinational corporations and the description of tax risks that may arise as a result of their incorrect setting. The main goal of the contribution is the identification of clusters of research questions or hypotheses and methods of their verification, which are found in scientific studies dealing with the topic of transfer prices. The purpose of the article is therefore to find out what topics or the problems are scientifically and researchly processed within the framework of transfer pricing and are therefore considered key. To achieve the goal, the method of analysis of legal regulations is used, on the one hand, in order to create a comprehensive framework of regulatory regulations and tax risks. Subsequently, the method of analysis of scientific studies from the most used database of scientific works in the Czech Republic, which is the Web of Science. Using cluster analysis, the main areas of research questions or hypotheses and their verification methods are identified. Using the synthesis method, these research questions/hypotheses are divided into categories (0-3 years, 3-5 years, 5-10 years) according to the date of publication of a specific study. This contribution is therefore a comprehensive overview of published topics from selected scientific publications.Item Regulations and research trends in transfer pricing(Západočeská univerzita v Plzni, 2024) Ziebová, Lucie; Hinke, JanaTransfer pricing is a key element in intra-company transactions between related entities in multinational corporations. Given that these transactions take place within one corporate group, transfer prices can have a significant impact on the profitability of individual parts of this group (individual businesses), which in turn affects the amount of taxes paid in the individual countries where the corporation operates. However, transfer pricing plays a fundamental role not only in corporate economics, but also in international tax policy. The aim of this contribution is to first characterize transfer pricing in the domestic and international tax environment, then to describe the legal regulations that affect multinational corporations and the description of tax risks that may arise as a result of their incorrect setting. The main goal of the contribution is the identification of clusters of research questions or hypotheses and methods of their verification, which are found in scientific studies dealing with the topic of transfer prices. The purpose of the article is therefore to find out what topics or the problems are scientifically and researchly processed within the framework of transfer pricing and are therefore considered key. To achieve the goal, the method of analysis of legal regulations is used, on the one hand, in order to create a comprehensive framework of regulatory regulations and tax risks. Subsequently, the method of analysis of scientific studies from the most used database of scientific works in the Czech Republic, which is the Web of Science. Using cluster analysis, the main areas of research questions or hypotheses and their verification methods are identified. Using the synthesis method, these research questions/hypotheses are divided into categories (0-3 years, 3-5 years, 5-10 years) according to the date of publication of a specific study. This contribution is therefore a comprehensive overview of published topics from selected scientific publications.Item Reflexe vybraných technologií Průmyslu 4.0 v ERP systémech dostupných na českém trhu(Západočeská univerzita v Plzni, 2024) Polívka, MartinTento článek se zabývá vlivem současného rychlého vývoje v oblasti informačních a komunikačních technologií, obvykle označovaného jako „nástup Průmyslu 4.0“ nebo „čtvrtá průmyslová revoluce“, na centrální část podnikové informační infrastruktury, kterou představují informační systémy kategorie „Enterprise Resource Planning“ (ERP). Jejím cílem je zhodnotit, jaké požadavky na ERP systémy jsou, resp. v budoucnu budou, vyvolány čtvrtou průmyslovou revolucí a do jaké míry jsou, resp. budou, tyto požadavky naplňovány ERP systémy dostupnými na českém trhu. V první části článku je stručně diskutován vlastní obsah módního slova „Průmysl 4.0“ a shrnuty výsledky systematické rešerše odborné literatury zabývající se vztahem Průmyslu 4.0 a ERP systémů s cílem identifikovat konkrétní technologie Průmyslu 4.0 relevantní pro ERP systémy. Na základě tohoto přehledu byly jako relevantní identifikovány technologie systémové integrace, automatické identifikace a sběru dat, cloud computingu a big data. Ve druhé části článku jsou diskutovány konkrétní požadavky, které musí systémy ERP splňovat, aby mohly spolupracovat s identifikovanými technologiemi. Třetí část příspěvku pak představuje metodiku empirického výzkumu, který spočíval ve výzkumných rozhovorech provedených se zástupci českých dodavatelů ERP systémů, zjišťujících současný a budoucí odraz identifikovaných relevantních technologií Průmyslu 4.0 v jejich systémech. Poslední část článku pak diskutuje získané výsledky a uzavírá, co tyto výsledky znamenají pro současný stav českého trhu ERP systémů.Item Kreativní ekonomika a její úloha v hospodářském rozvoji státu(Západočeská univerzita v Plzni, 2024) Nováková, Adéla; Dvořáková, LiliaKreativní ekonomika, která zahrnuje odvětví, jako je umění, design, média a technologie, se stává stále významnější součástí moderní ekonomiky. Díky rychlému technologickému pokroku a inovacím se kreativní a kulturní odvětví stávají klíčovými hráči nejen v kulturní sféře, ale také v ekonomickém kontextu. Růst těchto odvětví je podporován jak soukromým sektorem, tak vládními politikami zaměřenými na podporu podnikání a inovací. V této souvislosti je třeba kreativní ekonomiku považovat za rozhodující faktor pro zvýšení konkurenceschopnosti a celkového hospodářského rozvoje. Cílem článku je posoudit ekonomický přínos kreativní ekonomiky pro národní hospodářství, včetně tvorby pracovních míst, podpory inovací a zvýšení konkurenceschopnosti. Na základě makroekonomických ukazatelů článek analyzuje a hodnotí roli kreativních a kulturních odvětví v hospodářském růstu a rozvoji nových inovativních odvětví. Výzkum se zaměřuje na přímý příspěvek kreativních odvětví k HDP a také na jejich širší dopad na dlouhodobou udržitelnost ekonomiky. Studie ukazuje, že kreativní a kulturní odvětví, zejména malé a střední podniky, jsou klíčovou hnací silou inovací a představují významnou část nových pracovních míst v moderních ekonomikách. Důraz je kladen na synergii mezi kulturními a technologickými inovacemi, která vede k růstu nových obchodních modelů. Výsledky výzkumu dále ukazují, že veřejné politiky zaměřené na podporu kreativních a kulturních odvětví mohou významně přispět k dlouhodobému hospodářskému růstu. Výzkum přináší nový pohled na roli kreativní ekonomiky v rozvoji národních ekonomik a nabízí strategie pro posílení jejího vlivu v rámci hospodářských politik.Item Scientific attention on relationship between tax mix and economic performance(Západočeská univerzita v Plzni, 2024) Lacheb, Vladimíra Hedvika; Hinke, JanaThe tax mix represents a combination of different tax types and its optimalization becomes the subject of debates among politicians, economists and the public, because different approaches to its setting can have a major impact on the economy. This paper focuses on the relationship between tax mix and economic performance. The aim of this paper is to identify which research questions are addressed by scientific studies focused on the topic of tax mix versus economic performance and by which methods these research questions are answered. Another goal is to map the temporal and geographical development of the given topic. The methodological basis is the analysis of scientific research studies contained in the Web of Science database. The studies are sorted by keywords „economic growth“ and „taxation“. Studies are classified into clusters (geographical/temporal). Through the synthesis of findings, it was found that three countries show the greatest interest in this topic: The United States of America, the People ́s Republic of China and The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland. Cluster analysis revealed the association of the established keywords with fiscal policy and endogenous growth. An often-debated issue is the efficiency of tax collection compared to the economic growth caused by government spending. It was found that there is no agreement on optimal taxation within the academic literature and there is no general recipe for calculating the optimal tax burden. Panel data were processed in the examined studies using methods of correlation, regression analysisand description of the calculation result.Item Konkurenceschopnost malých realitních společností v regionu Mladá Boleslav v České republice(Západočeská univerzita v Plzni, 2024) Jenišová, Renáta; Dvořáková, LiliaCílem příspěvku je analyzovat, zhodnotit a diskutovat vnitřní faktory ovlivňující konkurenceschopnost malých realitních společností ve vybraném regionu v České republice. Jakomodelový region pro výzkum v oblasti realitního trhu byl vybrán region Mladá Boleslav a aktuální časové období (2020-2024) pro komparaci výsledků konkurenceschopnosti malých realitních společností. Komparační vzorek zahrnoval 24 realitních společností, které jsou rozděleny do jednotlivých konkurenčních skupin podle klíčových charakteristik, jimiž byly pro účely tohoto výzkumu počet makléřů a struktura obchodovaných nemovitostí. Na příkladu vybrané malé realitní společnost je demonstrováno, že nejúčinnější způsob, jak mohou malé subjekty úspěšně konkurovat těm velkým, je efektivní práce s realitními makléři a úzké zacílení obchodních transakcí na prodej rezidenčních nemovitostí. Na základěvýsledků zjištěných dat je možné identifikovat dva aktuální trendy: malé realitní společnosti se ve své obchodní činnosti prakticky nezaměřují na komerční nemovitosti a v menší míře se také věnují pronájmům. Dále výsledky výzkumu dokumentují větší poměr zakázek na makléře, z čehož lze usuzovat na větší motivaci jednotlivých makléřů (vyšší šance na realizaci obchodu) a jednodušší organizaci práce u těchto malých realitních firem. Malé realitní společnosti mohou velmi dobře obstát v silném konkurenčním prostředí, v němž často působí mnohem větší firmy s lepším finančním zázemím.Item Analysis of strategy for the Secretary problem with cardinal function based on job specifications(The Czech Society for Operations Research, 2024) Chládek, Petr; Hrubešová, Marika; Mudra, Štěpán; Polívka, Martin; Roskovec, TomášThe classical Secretary problem is an applied mathematical model forchoosing the best applicant from a sample of a given size; the decider can not returnto an already rejected candidate and does not a priori know the scale of quality of thecandidates. In this well-known problem with a given number of data with unknowndistributions, we should stop the search once we consider a number to be the highestone. We opt for the original motivation, but rather than attempting to choose thebest one and fail in most cases, we suggest a strategy to control the mean value ofthe chosen one. The utility of the candidates in different experiments is designedbased on the theoretic distribution for specific job titles; we use a cardinal functionwith the argument being the candidate’s percentile among the population. Based onthe experiment, we present strategies for hiring for different roles and reveal that thestrategy has to be specific for a job; otherwise, it could be suboptimal.Our strategies are based on two parameters: the size of the sample part we examineand reject at the beginning of the search and the percentile from the examined samplewe demand the candidate to outperform to be accepted. We analysed all possibilitiesfor ordering 12 candidates and evaluated the strategies based on the experiment.Item Comparison of municipal public transport in the Czech Republic and Germany(GUC - Verlag der Gesellschaft fur Unternehmensrechnung und Controlling m.b.H., 2021) Komorousová, Veronika; Vallišová, Lucie; Černá, MarieThe article is focused, based on selected indicators, on comparison of public passenger groundtransport in the Czech Republic and in Germany. Indicators were divided to four categories: transportfacilities and density of the transport network, efficiency of public passenger transport, financialindicators and social aspects in public passenger transport. Data used for calculations were gatheredmainly from Eurostat statistics in the time range 2010 - 2018. Conclusion was compiled based on theconducted comparison. It seems to be interesting that public passenger transport in the CzechRepublic is equipped by denser transport network and wider vehicle fleet. These initial conditions areunfortunately used less effective than in Germany. Further was found out that individual car transportin Germany is used more often than public transport. This fact has implication in the level of trafficsafety, traffic density and in the rate of CO2 pollution.
Item Home office from the perspective of international taxation and the related administrative burden for businesses(Západočeská univerzita v Plzni, 2024) Jankovcová, Věra; Dvořáková, LiliaEmployers enable even their foreign employees to work from home. Cross-border remote working entails a whole range of tax and administrative duties for employers because they employ staff in a different country than that of their country of registered office. The research aims to identify, analyse, compare and evaluate the issues of remote working for foreign employees with a specific focus on the Czech Republic, Germany and Austria. Employers must deal with several specific issues: whether they create the so-called permanent establishment in the country of residence of these employees or not; which country has the right to tax the employment income; what social and health insurance contributions from the wages of these employees will be paid by the employer; and where the employees will be entitled to the social security. The methodological approach is based on the qualitative research strategy and integrates information from the selected range of literature sources, tax legislation and real decision-making examples from corporate practice.The research results fill a gap in the international taxation of home office work. The issue of permanent establishment may, in some cases, lead to the so-called conflict of classification if different countries view the permanent establishment differently. Analysing and comparing the interpretation of permanent establishment in the case of home office work from the German, Austrian and Czech perspectives identify factors and contribute to promoting a consistent and reciprocal decisions when judging situations that lead to creating a permanent establishment of a non-resident taxpayer in the other country. With respect to the taxation of wage income, selected complications and income classification conflicts related to the allocation of taxation between the employee's country of residence and the employer's country of registered office are identified.Item Differences in financial performance and gender diversity of sectors in the national economy of the Czech Republic(Západočeská univerzita v Plzni, 2024) Sedláková, Sára; Komorousová, VeronikaGender diversity in statutory bodies is currently a key issue not only in corporate governance but also in broader societal discussions. This topic reflects efforts to achieve equality and fairness in access to leadership positions, while also being a significant factor influencing the performance and competitiveness of organizations in a globalized world. This article focuses on analysing financial performance and diversity in the statutory bodies of companies across three sectors of the Czech economy: professional, scientific, and technical activities; construction; and healthcare and social care. The aim is to identify the main differences in their performance and leadership diversity. The analytical part uses quantitative analysis based on data from the Orbis database, encompassing a sample of 100 companies from each sector with the highest turnover. Analysis of variance will be used to compare these differences. The results reveal significant disparities. Professional, scientific, and technical activities are characterized by high asset utilization efficiency, reflected in the highest values of net asset turnover and stable liquidity ratios. Construction is a capital-intensive sector, dominated by long-term liabilities and slower liability turnover, corresponding to the nature of long-term projects. Healthcare and social care demonstrate the highest self-financing rate and relatively quick liquidity, indicating a stable financial situation in this sector. From a gender diversity perspective, all three sectors show a predominance of men in statutory bodies, with the most pronounced imbalance observed in construction and professional, scientific, and technical activities. In contrast, the healthcare and social care sector has a higher representation of women, indicating greater inclusion of women.Item Differences in financial performance and gender diversity of sectors in the national economy of the Czech Republic(Západočeská univerzita v Plzni, 2024) Sedláková, Sára; Komorousová, VeronikaGender diversity in statutory bodies is currently a key issue not only in corporate governance but also in broader societal discussions. This topic reflects efforts to achieve equality and fairness in access to leadership positions, while also being a significant factor influencing the performance and competitiveness of organizations in a globalized world. This article focuses on analysing financial performance and diversity in the statutory bodies of companies across three sectors of the Czech economy: professional, scientific, and technical activities; construction; and healthcare and social care. The aim is to identify the main differences in their performance and leadership diversity. The analytical part uses quantitative analysis based on data from the Orbis database, encompassing a sample of 100 companies from each sector with the highest turnover. Analysis of variance will be used to compare these differences. The results reveal significant disparities. Professional, scientific, and technical activities are characterized by high asset utilization efficiency, reflected in the highest values of net asset turnover and stable liquidity ratios. Construction is a capital-intensive sector, dominated by long-term liabilities and slower liability turnover, corresponding to the nature of long-term projects. Healthcare and social care demonstrate the highest self-financing rate and relatively quick liquidity, indicating a stable financial situation in this sector. From a gender diversity perspective, all three sectors show a predominance of men in statutory bodies, with the most pronounced imbalance observed in construction and professional, scientific, and technical activities. In contrast, the healthcare and social care sector has a higher representation of women, indicating greater inclusion of women.Item Real estate tax impact on municipal budgets sustainability(Západočeská univerzita v Plzni, 2024) Černá, Marie; Šturcová, JanaSustainability is the term used currently so often in many areas, also when assessing the activities of public sector. If the original meaning of this word is taken into account, it is possible to assess taxation, respectively tax system setting, as one of the factors impacting the sustainability of public sector. Similarly as business processes setting, setting of processes in public sector represents subject to taxation legislative standards changes. Legislation in the taxation area in the Czech Republic changes so often, more frequently (significant changes at least once a year) than for example in the area of accounting. The intention of this contribution is to identify and, through the analysis of relevant available data, assess the impacts of recent legislative changes in the area of real estate taxes on the recipient of the resources resulting from this tax (municipalities). This contribution uses, with the intention to describe and assess the situation in above specified area, information focused on developments in the area of real estate tax, information on recent significant legislative changes. Authors use standard research methods to which belong mainly literature research of professional publications and analysis of information provided for this area by the state authorities. The objective of the article is to assess the degree of impact of the given changes on the revenue side of municipal budgets, i.e., in principle, the sustainability of municipal budgets. The final part of the contribution focused on obtained results is compiled using the method of synthesis.Item Digital Transformation of Tax and Accounting Processes(Academic Conferences International, 2024) Černá, Marie; Pokorný, JanThe world today is changing rapidly in many ways. Fundamental changes that differ country by country are visible also in the area of taxes and accounting. New activities whose adoption is enabled due to the great development of technologies in fact exert pressure on individual economic subjects′ actions in many areas. This is visible also in supporting activities like tax and accounting processing. Setting of business processes has to be therefore changed quite often as a reaction to the frequent changes in legislation regulating these areas. Legislation in these two areas, taken from the Czech accounting units′ point of view, changes so often. Even if these changes of the legislative framework can be described as more frequent in the area of taxation (great change at least twice a year, often in the area of income taxes), this year the great change happened also in the area of accounting. In association with the adoption of the New accounting act started to be influenced set accounting processes of accounting units concerned. New accounting act should come into force since January 1, 2025. The aim of this contribution is to identify and, through the analysis of the development of digitalization tools, assess the possibilities of selected accounting units in the area of digital transformation of tax and accounting processes. This contribution uses, with the intention to describe and assess the situation in above specified areas, information focused on related significant legislative changes and relevant research methods to which belong literature research of professional publications, analysis of information and methodical support in specified area (provided mainly by the state authorities). The intention of the authors is to assess the degree of use of digitalization by selected, in the contribution further specified, accounting units. Therefore, in the final part of the contribution, obtained results are summarized using the method of synthesis.Item PPP Projects Information and Methodical Support (CZ and SK Comparison)(Academic Conferences International Limited, 2024) Pokorný, Jan; Černá, MariePublic goods and services administration represents an important tool supporting functioning of the state. Provision of public goods and services is closely related to the necessity to ensure relevant sources and setting the appropriate distribution channels, what in fact means, finding the suitable provider. Production of public goods can be provided by both sectors, private or public. If a public entity produces a public good, it is possible to talk about in-house production. In the opposite situation, when external private entity produces a public good, it is possible to talk about out-house production. This contribution is focused on the issue of Public Private Partnership (PPP) projects as one of the out-house production variants. The aim of the contribution is to compare the availability and complexity of information about the given projects for potential contractors in the Czech Republic and Slovak Republic (Slovakia). To be able to make this comparison, authors of the article conducted the qualitative research. Used method was document and text analysis. To identify the relevant literary sources, systematic literature review followed by the traditional literature review, were used. Authors expected that there will be solid database of information available to the potential conductors of PPP projects. Also the way of its presentation was expected to be thoughtful and complex. Provision of information and methodical support in specified area can influence the final willingness of both sides, contractors and contracting authorities, to enter this project focused on provision of public services, traditionally provided by the public sector, by the private sector. The contribution is finalized using the method of synthesis that enables the authors to describe the main differences in ways of PPP projects information presentation. It was found that currently provided information and methodical support in the area of PPP projects administered by the authorities on the central level in selected countries can be described as insufficient. This finding contradicts the original expectations of the authors.Item Evaluation of the progress in sustainable development goals fulfillment in Czechia and Germany(GUC - Verlag der Gesellschaft für Unternehmensrechnung und Controlling m.b.H., 2023) Palacká, Alena; Pokorný, Jan; Vallišová, LucieSustainable development is a phenomenon both on microeconomic and macroeconomic scale. The sustainability goals are defined in the broader area, which contains three interconnected spheres (environmental, social, and economic) that are necessary to be equally promoted to develop sustainably. The aim of this paper is to evaluate the progress in the fulfilment of the Sustainable Development Goals in Czechia and Germany since 2000. To achieve this aim, two research questions were defined as follows: How has the implementation of the SDGs been developing in the selected countries since 2000? What individual SDGs have significantly influenced the selected countries’ overall sustainability development? The analysis of quantitative data of overall results and data related to the development of individual sub-goals is used to assess the progress achieved and the influence of individual sub-goals. Based on the analysis carried out, not only the shift of both countries in the fulfilment of the SDGs is evident, but also the (un)successful areas of these goals are pointed out. Furthermore, the analysis shows the impact of significant events, such as the Global Financial Crisis, COVID-19, and the Energy Crisis, on the results achieved.Item Rate of non-financial information reporting by the Czech accounting units(Metropolitan University Prague, Prague, 2021) Černá, Marie; Hinke, Jana; Kolářová, LenkaObjective of this contribution was to identify rate of non-financial information reporting using quantitative research of resources of selected sample of the Czech enterprises. By the authors were set two basic research questions. Based on the first of them were analyzed differences in the rate of non-financial information reporting by medium-sized and large enterprises. This research question was confirmed, because large enterprises significantly exceed the rate of non-financial information reported by medium-sized enterprises in all analyzed areas – environmental area, social area, area of employee relations, area of respect to human rights and also area of fight against the corruptionand bribery. Based on the second research question was analyzed if there are any subjects, in the sample of large accounting units, reporting non-financial information beyond the requirements of the Czech Accounting Act. Also this question was answered positively, because there were identified 26% of accounting units keeping accounting records just with respect to the Czech accounting rules reporting detailed information from the social area, 16% of such companies reporting detailed information from the area of respect to human rights. Beyond the requirements set by the accounting legislation report also 40 % of accounting units keeping accounting records with respect to the Czech accounting rules and also with respect to the IAS/IFRS, 18% of such accounting units report detailed information from the area of respect to human rights and 26% of them report detailed informationfrom the area of fight against the corruption and bribery.Item Cryptocurrencies - “Comparison” of Approach by IAS/IFRS and Czech Accounting Legislative(University of Hradec Králové, 2022) Černá, Marie; Hinke, JanaEven if the main focus is currently on the situation surrounding the “Covid-19 pandemic” it seems that cryptocurrencies as the issue are still discussed quite often. This article describes the problems solved taking into account the necessity to record information about business activities associated with cryptocurrencies transfers done by the accounting units with respect to legislative rules covering this issue in the Czech Republic, and in the EU (by IAS/IFRS). Objective of the contribution is to define the means of evaluation, keeping accounting records and classification of cryptocurrencies in the regulatory environment of the Czech Republic, IAS/IFRS and further, based on their comparison, to identify the most significant variations and influence of these variations on reporting the financial situation and performance of enterprises. The authors work with the historically given definitions associated with cryptocurrencies, information about the development of cryptocurrencies and approaches to their use. The contribution identified, using the analyses of data provided by international institutions (IFRS Foundation, Deloitte) and Czech national authorities (Ministry of Finance of the Czech Republic, Czech National Bank), that differences in the reporting of cryptocurrencies significantly affect the ratio of long-term and current assets and the amount of operating or investment cash flow.
