Číslo 1 (2012)
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Item Problematika příbuzenství v posvátné symbolizaci hebrejské Bible(Západočeská univerzita v Plzni, 2012) Polifková, BarboraThe paper is focused on kinship system of Ancient Hebrews. Because kinship is one of the apparent way how to organize people to certain order it can elucidate at least some parts of other socio-cultural aspects a given community, in this case religion. The paper stressed how the kinship system forms the religious-symbolic universe of Ancient Israel and vice versa. The description and analysis is made through the methods of social and culture anthropology, through the theories of kinship in particular and through textual analysis of the Pentateuch.
Item La communication non verbale. Comprendre les gestes: perception et signification(Západočeská univerzita v Plzni, 2012) Suchá, RomanaItem Krvavá odyssea: řecký boj za nezávislost 1821–1832(Západočeská univerzita v Plzni, 2012) Novotný, LukášItem Rozhovor s RNDr. Vladimírem Blažkem, CSc.(Západočeská univerzita v Plzni, 2012) Brůžek, JaroslavItem A common word between us and you: introduction and comments(Západočeská univerzita v Plzni, 2012) Franc, JaroslavPaper deals with the open letter A Common Word Between Us and You (see Quran 3:64), dated 13 October 2007, from religious leaders of the Muslim faith all around the world joined under the guidance of The Royal Aal al-Bayt Institute for Islamic Thought in Jordan, addressed to leaders of all denominations of the Christian faith with the Roman Catholic pope Benedict XVI on the top of the list, Jews are not mentioned in the list of addressers but are mentioned in the text of the open letter. This paper presents a content of the open letter A Common Word and shows some reactions and following discussion about the open letter. The paper also introduce to the interreligious dialogue between Christians, mainly Catholics, and Muslims today.Item Slovotvorná charakteristika ruských neologizmů(Západočeská univerzita v Plzni, 2012) Kšandová, DrahoslavaThe last significant change in the Russian vocabulary took place in the half of the 80’s of the 20th century in connection with the events of political and economical life in Russia. There emerged a need for the denomination of new realities. For new denominations Russian makes use of both, its rich word-formative and lexical potential as well as foreign potential concerning not only lexical and word-formative means but also word-formative approaches. The viability of the word-formative system can be seen in Russian during the adaptation of extensive vocabulary take-over from English. A complex overview of a current form neology shows that a significant part of word-formative approaches is related to the tendencies of language means economy. This is in line with a current trend: to express as much information as possible in a shortest time possible. It is the era of active abbreviation flooding, great growth of hybrid structures and the activation of univerbization tendencies; however, derivation and composition still rank among basic possibilities. When creating neologisms, Russian does not know any limitations (phonemic, morphological, syntactical or typological), or in combining domestic and foreign features in one word because for Russian a communicative function is important.Item K terminologii imigračních otázek ve Francii(Západočeská univerzita v Plzni, 2012) Sitek, PavelFollowing text deals with definitions of key expressions in the field of immigration questions in the French context. The emphasis is put on citizinship, integration of immigrants to the French society and national identity in the French historical context. We try also to divise a perseption of this terminology in the eye of the political elites, researches and in the everyday life.Item Ilustrácia šintó-buddhistického synkretizmu na príklade maľby božstiev Kasuga a Sumijoši(Západočeská univerzita v Plzni, 2012) Kubovčáková, ZuzanaThe paper deals with the honji suijaku theory of Shintō–Buddhist syncretism illustrated upon the example of a painting of two Shintō deities, Kasuga and Sumiyoshi. The painting was summoned by a monk of the Buddhist Kegon school named Myōe Shōnin, who had had two revelatory encounters with the Kasuga deity. It had been Myōe’s lifelong endeavour to venture to mainland China and thereafter to India in order to visit places where the historical Buddha Shākyamuni had preached his original teachings. However, Myōe had a revelation of the Kasuga deity, in which it had urged him not to undertake the journey. This even was so significant in Myōe’s life that he had had the deity depicted and kept the painting as a keepsake of their memorable meeting, turning the painting into an object of worship, honzon. This paper comes forth with the question of how it was possible for a Buddhist monk to have a Shintō deity painting revered as the main object of worship in a Buddhist temple. By means of tracing the intentions and circumstations behind Myōe’s activities, it considers one particular example of the Shintō–Buddhist syncretism, a characteristic feature of medieval Japanese religion.Item Středověká islámská věda – vznik a význam z hlediska anachronního a diachronního přístupu ke zkoumání dějin vědy(Západočeská univerzita v Plzni, 2012) Ramadan, IvanThis paper deals with medieval Islamic science, its specific features and circumstances of its origins. At the same time, it examines historiographical strategies used in the history of science, namely anachronical and diachronical attitudes, as applied to the study of medieval Islamic science, with focus on the field of medicine. The author presents the latest trends in the historiography of Arabic-Islamic science represented by G. Saliba and exemplified in his publication Islamic Science and the Making of the European Renaissance. Saliba comes up with a sharp criticism of the exponents of the so-called classical narrative, which advocates the evolutionary conception of the origin, development and transmission of scientific knowledge. The paper sheds light on the procedures of some historiographical works with the aim to characterize the prevailing methodological trends.Item Islámské rodinné právo šaría ve Velké Británii(Západočeská univerzita v Plzni, 2012) Sobotková, VeronikaMuslims in Great Britain present a significant minority – about 4 % – 4,6 %. Most of British Muslims are Pakistani origin and they follow the fundamental concept of Pakistani Islamic law. Islamic family law was applied unofficially within Muslim community in Britain, officially was recognized British state law. Arbitration Act 1996 enabled the arbitration as a form of alternative dispute resolution and Muslim sharia tribunals were admitted as official arbitral tribunals. 19 sharia tribunals have been working officially so far. They are empowered to resolve cases in areas of family and inheritance law. The most common case is divorce, especially divorce initiated by woman. Sharia tribunals in Britain follow views of Hanafi madhab but in the question of custody they prefer Maliki madhab. Official operation of sharia tribunals has aroused great controversy among the public.Item Chizkijášova obnova národního, ale vazalského státu(Západočeská univerzita v Plzni, 2012) Hanzová, AlenaThe research confirmed that migration from the North Kingdom had caused large demographic changes in Judah demographic structure. The Dtr picture of Hezekiah policy differs from Izaiah account. Dtr intentions were in favour of Hezekiah, so his image of Judah history is a largely ideological (theological) description. Hezekiah policy was focused on the expansion into Gaza territory. Another historical event was the fall of Samaria which made Judah a key player in the region. Tiglatpilesar III policy caused Judah to rise as a local political power. Hezekiah policy toward Assyria is largely depicted in the text of Izaiah. Judah later became the leader of anti–Assyrian coalition. Hezekiah was leading broad diplomatic activities to Babylonia. He prepared Judah for the war with Assyria and issued the renewal of fortresses in his kingdom and the construction of Siloam tunnel. He also conducted large transfers of inhabitants from the country to the fortresses and Jerusalem. Judah was defeated but Hezekiah sustained in his position. There happened war negotiations with Rabshakeh, there might have existed dynastic ties of Hezekiah to Sinnacherib. Judah lost large territories and regions with the production of olive oil. Part of anti–Assyrian policy was the cult centralization to Jerusalem. There was a huge opposition to the centralization policy. He issued harsh cultic measures with serious fiscal consequences for the kingdom.
