Employee perceptions of VR training across generations: Insights into benefits and barriers

Abstract

This study explores generational differences in employee perceptions of virtual reality (VR) training within corporate settings. As immersive technologies become increasingly Integrated into organizational learning, understanding how diverse age cohorts respond to VR is critical for effective implementation. Based on a quantitative survey of 121 employees who participated in VR-based training programs, the research investigates perceived benefits, limitations, and barriers across Generation Z, Millennials (Generation Y), Generation X, and Baby Boomers. The results reveal statistically significant differences between age groups in terms of perceived usefulness, intuitiveness, and physical comfort. Younger employees (especially Millennials) showed higher acceptance, technological confidence, and stronger engagement, whereas older participants, particularly Baby Boomers, reported lower confidence, greater discomfort, and higher skepticism. Key advantages identified include improved engagement, safe practice in realistic simulations, and better knowledge transfer. However, barriers such as physical side effects, low digital literacy, limited prior exposure, and reduced personal interaction with trainers remain prominent, especially amongolder cohorts. Correlation analysis further demonstrated strong links between supervisor support, digital readiness, and positive training outcomes. Findings also highlight that while VR can enhance job performance and motivation, successful implementation requires addressing generational expectations, providing sufficient onboarding, and offering targeted support. This study contributes to the growing body of research on immersive learning by emphasizing the role of intergenerational dynamics in technology acceptance and training effectiveness. The insights offer practical implications for HR professionals, trainers, and instructional designers aiming to develop inclusive, adaptive VR-based training that meets the needs of a multigenerational workforce.