Vliv společensko-politických podmínek a role proporčního volebního systému v ne/úspěšném rozvinutí teoretického modelu konsociační demokracie

Abstract

The presented text offers a basic explanation of the consotional model and of its logic of mechanism in its theoretical level. This article attempts to point out that under different social and political conditions the application of all universally defined principles of the theoretical model does not necessarily need to lead to the successful model development in practice. It does not always show the anticipated effect (the political stability) but on the contrary it can cause the opposite. It can be seen on the basis of social and political conditions analysis under which the consotional model was successfully implemented and put into practice (for example the Netherlands, Belgium, Austria or Switzerland from whose experiences was the theoretical model actually deducted) and also on the basis of analysis of political and social conditions under which the successful application of consotional model was not achieved (Czechoslovakia after 1989). Because of the limited space, however, the text addresses only one of the principles of the theoretical model of consotional democracy i.e. the application of proportional electoral system. The text warns against over-generalization of this theoretical model and points out that when the model is applied it should be taken into account that each one of individual case study has a different social and political background.