Leksičeskoe novatorstvo russkich pisatelej

Abstract

Stat'ja posvjaščena rassmotreniju leksičeskogo novatorstva russkich pisatelej. Leksičeskoje novatorstvo osuščestvljaetsja raznymi sposobami: 1) avtorskije neologizmy; 2) okkazionalizmy; 3) neologizmy-vchoždenija iz territorial'nych i social'nych dialektov.Avtorskije neologizmy vstrečajutsja u N.M. Karamzina, A.S. Puškina, N.V. Gogolja i dr. N.M. Karamzin javljaetsja avtorom novych slov, vošedšich v literaturnyj jazyk. Dlja A.S. Puškina ne charakterno sozdanije novych slov, kotorych by ne bylo do nego. Jego novatorstvo stilističeskoje.Okkazionalizmy široko ispol'zujutsja v russkoj poèzii XIX–XX vekov. Obraščenije k okkazionalizmam zavisit ot èpochi, literaturnogo napravlenija i ot konkretnogo poèta. Tak, v pervoj polovině XX veka, s odnoj storony, O. Mandel'štam, B. Pasternak, A. Achmatova, počti ne ispol'zujuščije okkazional'nye slova, i s drugoj – V. Chlebnikov, V. Majakovskij i M. Cvetajeva, čej slovar' okkazional'nych slov nasčityvajet bol'šoje količestvo jedinic.Dialektnye slova vvodjatsja v chudožestvennye teksty s različnymi stilističeskimi celjami. Oni široko predstavleny v proizvedenijach I.S. Turgeneva, A.N. Ostrovskogo, S. Jesenina, M.A. Šolochova, V.M. Šukšina, V. Rasputina, V. Astaf'jeva i dr.

The article reviews the lexical innovation of Russian writers. Lexical innovation is achieved in various ways: 1) author’s neologisms; 2) occasionalisms; 3) neologism occurrences from territorial and social dialects.Author’s neologisms can be seen in works by N.M. Karamzin, A.S. Pushkin, N.V. Gogol et al. N.M. Karamzin is the author of new words which entered the literary language. It is not typical for A.S. Pushkin to create new words that did not exist before him. His innovation is that of a stylistic kind.Occasionalisms are widely used in the Russian poetry of the 19th-20th centuries. Turning to occasionalisms depends on the period, the literary movement and the particular poet. Thus, in the first half of the 20th century, on the one hand, there is O. Mandelstam, B. Pasternak, A. Akhmatova, who barely used occasional words, and on the other, there is V. Khlebnikov, V. Mayakovsky and M. Tsvetaeva, whose vocabulary of occasional words includes a large amount of units.Dialect words are introduced into literary texts for various stylistic purposes. They are widely represented in the works of I.S. Turgenev, A.N. Ostrovsky, S. Yesenin, M.A. Sholokhov, V.M. Shukshin, V. Rasputin, V. Astafyev et al.