Optimization of tram face with respect to passive safety

Abstract

An impact of a pedestrian and a tram or even an impact of two trams is a common traffic accident in towns. Hence there is an effort to develop such traffic means that minimize injuries of victims. The article deals with the optimization of placement of a previously proposed tram fender to decrease pedestrian injury risk. Further the influence of the tram fender made from different materials on passengers and tram driver injuries is investigated. The pedestrian, driver and passengers aremodeled by a rigid body human model. The results analysis uses standard injury criteria based on body parts accelerations.