Moda v jazyke v svete metajazykovych ocenok (na materiale Nacional'nogo korpusa russkogo jazyka)

Abstract

Cel'ju stat'i javljaetsja izučenije sostava i parametrov modnych i nemodnych slov v russkom jazyke. Dannyj klass jedinic formirujetsja s pomošč'ju metajazykovogo poiskovogo instrumentarija, predlagajemogo A. Mustajoki i I. T. Veprevoj [MUSTAJOKI, VEPREVA 2015]. Material issledovanija – boleje 100 jedinic, zafiksirovannych v Nacional'nom korpuse russkogo jazyka.Osnovnye parametry modnych slov – sovremennost', populjarnost', innovacija, uzual'nost', aksiologičeskaja ocenka, prestiž «ispol'zovatelja» jedinicy i dr. V sostave modnych slov vydeljajutsja tri osnovnye gruppy jedinic: inojazyčnye zaimstvovanija, žargonnaja leksika i semantičeskije neologizmy, ne zafiksirovannye tolkovymi slovarjami. Sostav modnych slov očen' podvižen. Nekotorye modnye slova vošli v tolkovye slovari i ne osoznajutsja sejčas kak modnye.Kak nemodnye nositeli jazyka vosprinimajut slova, kotorye perestali byt' «ključevymi slovami èpochi» (Je. A. Zemskaja), utratili važnost' dlja obščestva v dannyj moment. Sredi nich často vstrečajutsja slova, oboznačajuščije «večnye» cennosti (ljubov', čest', celomudrije, bratstvo i dr.).

The aim of the article is to study the composition and parameters of fashionable and unfashionable words in the Russian language. This class of units is formed using the metalinguistic search tool proposed by A. Mustayoki and I. T. Vepreva [MUSTAYOKI, VEPREVA 2015]. The research material is more than 100 units recorded in the National Corpus of the Russian Language.The main parameters of fashionable words are modernity, popularity, innovation, usage, axiological assessment, prestige of the 'user' of the unit etc. There are three main groups of units in the composition of fashionable words: foreign-language borrowings, slang vocabulary and semantic neologisms not recorded in explanatory dictionaries. Some fashionable words have entered explanatory dictionaries and are not currently recognised as fashionable.Native speakers perceive words that have ceased to be 'key words of the era' (Ye. A. Zemskaya) and have lost their importance for society at the moment as unfashionable. Among these, there are often words denoting 'eternal' values (love, honour, chastity, brotherhood etc.).