Súdán a Demokratická republika Kongo jako příklad dvou nedemokratických režimů ve světle současné mezinárodní spravedlnosti

Abstract

Can one identify civil wars in Kongo and Sudan – which have been characterized by violation of human rights – with rise of dictatorial or totalitarian regimes? Theoretical part of the article dedicated to answer the question deals with evaluation of theoretical frameworks of political regimes as they have been elaborated by Hannah Arendt, Alfred Stepan and Juan Linz as well as perspective of cultural relativism as it has been prepared by Patrick Chabal, Petr Skalník and others. The first section of empirical part of the article compares cultural roots of political conduct having importance for emergence of long-term armed conflicts in Kongo and Sudan: importance is going to be ascribed not only to structuration of political and social institutions in both countries but also to the issue of emergence of dictatorial and/or totalitarian regimes. Connections between Sudan Liberation army and sultanism of Omar Hassan Ahmand al-Bashir are going to be explained and importance of rebels and Thomas Lubanga - understood to be key actors in Iuturi conflict - are going to be elucidated. Non-democratic political and social development in the two countries is going to be shown through perspective of international justice which has been recently pursued by various strategies of International Criminal Court. While Thomas Lubanga was arrested and accused of serious violations of human rights, Omar Hassan al-Bashir has been still escaping the arrest warrant issued in 2009.