Obraznoje pole "serdce/duša" v poètičeskom tekste (na materiale russkoj poèzii XIX - XX vekov)

Abstract

Stat'ja posvjaščena izučeniju tropeičeskich oboznačenij serdca i duši. Dlja analiza privlekajutsja metafory, sravnenija i imennye perifrazy, izvlečennye iz proizvedenij russkich poètov XIX – XX vekov. Obosnovyvajetsja ponjatije obraznogo polja, ustanavlivajetsja jego sostav i opisyvajutsja sistemnye otnošenija.Rassmatrivajutsja ustojčivye obrazy i sposoby ich pereosmyslenija v rjade idiostilej, prosleživajetsja èvoljucija tropov. Otmečajetsja prejemstvennost' nekotorych obrazov (ogon'; vodnye ob"jekty; pticy i dr.), oslablenije i ugasanije tradicionnych smyslovych svjazej (naprimer, serdce/duša – chram), vozniknovenije novych. Smyslovye svjazi, v poèzii XIX veka tol'ko namečennye, v XX veke priobretajut širokoje rasprostranenije (serdce/duša – muzyka; rastitel'nyj mir; čelovek; zveri, nasekomye, ryba). V XX veke voznikajet obraznoje upodoblenije duši/serdca žilišču, domu. Dlja poèzii XX veka charakterny snižennye associacii, depoètizacija tradicionno vysokich obrazov.

The article is devoted to the study of the figurative designations heart and soul. For analysis, the author uses metaphors, comparisons and nominal periphrases taken from the works of Russian poets of the 19th-20th centuries. The concept of a figurative field is substantiated, its composition is established, and its system relationships are described.The article considers stable images and ways of their reinterpretation in a number of idiostyles and traces the evolution of tropes. The continuity of some images (fire; water bodies; birds etc.), the weakening and fading of traditional semantic connections (for example, heart/soul - temple) and the emergence of new ones are noted. Semantic connections, only outlined in the poetry of the 19th century, become widespread in the 20th century (heart/soul - music; flora; human; animals, insects, fish). The 20th century sees the emergence of a figurative likening of the soul/heart to a dwelling, a home. The poetry of the 20th century is characterised by reduced associations and depoeticisation of traditionally lofty images.