Ѐvoljucija obraznych oboznačenij serdca i duši v russkoj poèzii XIX - XX vv.

Abstract

Stat'ja posvjaščena izučeniju tropeičeskich oboznačenij serdca i duši v russkoj poèzii XIX – XX vekov. Prosleživajetsja èvoljucija tropov, ustanavlivajetsja sostav ustojčivych obrazov i sposoby ich pereosmyslenija v rjade idiostilej (A. Fet, F. Tjutčev, Ja. Polonskij, I. Annenskij, A. Blok, N. Gumilev, M. Cvetajeva, I. Bunin, B. Pasternak i dr.). Otmečajetsja prejemstvennost' nekotorych obrazov (muzyka, ptica, voda, ogon' i dr.), oslablenije i ugasanije tradicionnych smyslovych svjazej (naprimer, serdce/duša – chram), vozniknovenije i usilenije novych. V XX veke voznikajet obraznoje upodoblenije duši/serdca žilišču, domu, predmetam obstanovki, mestam prebyvanija čeloveka i dr. Smyslovye svjazi, v poèzii XIX veka tol'ko namečennye, v XX veke priobretajut širokoje rasprostranenije (serdce/duša – zveri, nasekomye, ryba). Dlja poèzii XX veka charakterny snižennye associacii, depoètizacija tradicionno vysokich obrazov.

The article explores the trope denotations of heart and soul in the Russian poetry of the 19th-20th centuries. The article follows the evolution of tropes, establishes the composition of set images and the ways of their reconceptualisation in a range of idiostyles (A. Fet, F. Tyutchev, Ya. Polonsky, I. Annensky, A. Blok, N. Gumilev, M. Tsvetayeva, I. Bunin, B. Pasternak et al.). Highlighted are the succession of some images (music, bird, water, fire etc.), the weakening and 'extinction' of the traditional conceptual links (for example, heart/soul – temple), the appearance and consolidation of new ones. In the 20th century, soul/heart begin being likened to a dwelling, a home, objects in one’s environment, a person’s residence et al. The semantic connections that were only outlined in the poetry of the 19th century are widely expanded in the 20th century (heart/soul – animals, insects, fish). The poetry of the 20th century is characterised by lowered associations, de-poetisation of traditionally high images.