Dispozitivnost moderace smluvní pokuty a rozsah smluvní pokutou utvrzených povinností
Date issued
2026
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Abstract
Smluvní pokuta je tradičním nástrojem českého soukromého práva, který slouží k utvrzení dluhu a zajištění disciplíny smluvních stran. Nový občanský zákoník však přináší možnost její moderace, což vyvolává řadu otázek. Lze smluvně vyloučit možnost moderace? Může být smluvní pokuta sjednána jako generální zajištění všech povinností? A jaký je její vztah k zákonným povinnostem? Tento článek se zaměřuje na povahu ustanovení o moderaci smluvní pokuty a rozsah povinností, které lze tímto institutem utvrdit.
The article deals with the nature of the moderation of contractual penalties in the Czech legal system according to Section 2051 of the Civil Code. It discusses the possibility for the parties to a contract to exclude the moderation of contractual penalties and presents arguments from both perspectives. Furthermore, it addresses theissue of a general contractual penalty, which is an arrangement regarding a penalty that secures all obligations arising from the contract. It expla ins whether this general penalty can also cover statutory obligations and analyses court practice in this area. In conclusion, it examines the con sequences of broad contractual autonomy and the potential for legislative amendments concerning the argued dispositive nature of moderation.
The article deals with the nature of the moderation of contractual penalties in the Czech legal system according to Section 2051 of the Civil Code. It discusses the possibility for the parties to a contract to exclude the moderation of contractual penalties and presents arguments from both perspectives. Furthermore, it addresses theissue of a general contractual penalty, which is an arrangement regarding a penalty that secures all obligations arising from the contract. It expla ins whether this general penalty can also cover statutory obligations and analyses court practice in this area. In conclusion, it examines the con sequences of broad contractual autonomy and the potential for legislative amendments concerning the argued dispositive nature of moderation.
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Subject(s)
smluvní pokuta, dispozitivní ustanovení, moderace, generální utvrzení dluhu, contractual penalty, non-mandatory provision, moderation, general reinforcement of debt