Číslo 2 (2013)
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Item Československo a Svatý stolec. Od nepřátelství ke spolupráci (1918–1928). I. Úvodní studie(Západočeská univerzita v Plzni, 2013) Novotný, Lukáš
Item Zdeněk Nejedlý, politik a vědec v osamění(Západočeská univerzita v Plzni, 2013) Kodetová, PetraItem Zur Bedeutung vergessener Persönlichkeiten in der Geschichte am Beispiel zweier historischer Persönlichkeiten des 19. Jahrhunderts: Carl Wilhelm Tölcke (1817–1893) und Gabriel Riesser (1806–1863)(Západočeská univerzita v Plzni, 2013) Herzig, ArnoItem Resilience in Life and Work of Viktor Emanuel Frankl(Západočeská univerzita v Plzni, 2013) Punová, Monika; Navrátil, PavelThis paper focuses on one of the great men of the 20th century, who devoted his life to questions regarding the quest for the meaning of life. We portray the life and work of a man who was not spared a number of pains that reached byond human capabilities, especially in the concentration camps, where he spent two and a half years. How did he face suffering, when it was extremely hard “to say yes to life”? Logotherapy and existential analysis (which he verified by his own drastical observations) give us answers to these and other questions. Both Frankl’s life and a number of his works testify about a great resilience of the human spirit. It is this resilience we focus on in the following text. Our goal is to answer the question: “How did resilience manifest itself in life and work of V. E. Frankl?”Item Fürst Ernst Rüdiger Starhemberg als Antidemokrat und Kämpfer für die österreichische Unabhängigkeit gegen den Nationalsozialismus(Západočeská univerzita v Plzni, 2013) Jeřábek, MartinThe article addresses two basic interpretations of Ernst Rüdiger Starhemberg, who was the leader of the Austrian Heimwehr movement and member of the cabinets of Engelbert Dollfuss and Kurt von Schuschnigg. There is no controversy concerning Starhembergs primary political stance as antidemocratic. His Heimwehr with a radical anti-Marxist position and bearing all the signs of a fascist movement had been steadily pushing for a change of the political system. And the authoritarian course of the Dollfuss’ government that Heimwehr helped establish culminated in a civil war. The second thesis, Starhemberg as a fighter against the Nazis, is more problematic. In spite of a partly common ideological means, mainly the anti-Marxism and anti-Liberalism, Starhemberg clearly advocated the idea of an independent “Austrianism” as a “better” and untarnished Germanic identity. Starhembergs Heimwehr decisively helped the Austrian government to successfully withstand the onslaught from Austrian Nazis and the pressure coming from the Third Reich in the critical time between spring 1933 and summer 1934.Item Iyasu V of Ethiopia (1913–1916): perilous traitor or a true modernizer?(Západočeská univerzita v Plzni, 2013) Záhořík, JanIn 1855, the Ethiopian Empire was (re)established after almost a century of disintegration, internal political turmoil and chaos. From 1850s onwards, the Empire witnessed series of expansions southwards, westwards, and eastwards until it became what is now Ethiopia. The Ethiopian political rule was centered on three main principles: the rule of Solomonic dynasty, privileged position of the Ethiopian Orthodox Church, and dominance of Amharic language and culture. For any Ethiopian Emperor, it would be unthinkable to be led astray by any other principles because it would mean treason of for many centuries constructed and repeatedly legitimated supremacy of the Solomonic dynasty. Lej Iyasu (1913–1916) belongs to the rare examples of the Ethiopian history that, as an Emperor, created an atmosphere which today we would call a civil society, social equality, or religious equality. Nevertheless, his short-term reign over the vast lands if Ethiopia was filled by an experiment that at least symbolically equated Islam with Christianity, and made the Orthodox Church less important in the eyes of ordinary citizens. As any other major historical event of that time, and especially in Africa, Lej Iyasu was dethroned by an immense international pressure, coming from Great Britain, Italy, and France, mixed with internal political and regional rivalries. This study reflects the heritage of Lej Iyasu’s reign in Ethiopia and deals with the image he has had in Ethiopia’s history.Item Duncan Sandys – Der vergessene Europäer(Západočeská univerzita v Plzni, 2013) Clemens, GabrielItem Franz Spina (1868–1938)(Západočeská univerzita v Plzni, 2013) Novotný, LukášAfter the constitution of Czechoslovakia in 1918, its population also included a large German minority that initially refused the new state formation, hoping to become part of German Austria, which would then be annexed to Germany. This did not happen, and the socalled Sudeten Germans had to accustom themselves to the new status quo. In the early 1920’s, part of their political spectrum turned to a policy of “activism” consisting in cooperation with Czechoslovak authorities. This policy culminated in 1926 with two German ministers joining the first nationally mixed Czechoslovak government. The study looks into the fortunes of one of them, Franz Spina, a professor of Slavonic Studies and top representative of German agrarians (Bund der Landwirte), who held various government positions between 1926 and 1938, before resigning in March 1938 due to his disagreement with the party’s political direction, and who became a symbol of German activism in the Czechoslovak Republic.Item Frank Plumpton Ramsey: The economic phenomenon, who died prematurely(Západočeská univerzita v Plzni, 2013) Martinčík, David; Pešík, JiříAlthough F. P. Ramsey (1903–1930) died aged nearly 27, he managed to publish a few pioneering works in mathematics, logic and philosophy. But this article deals with his work in the field of general economic theory only. We can identify four topics in his three economic contributions. By all means these four Ramsey´s topics were ahead of his time, and have influenced the economics decades later. Ramsey´s first article contributes to the expected utility theory, in other words the decision problem under uncertainty. The second one contributes to the taxes theory and monetary policy theory. In the third one he built a new and unique methodological approach to economic modelling, which is the aim of this article. So called Ramsey´s model lies traditionally within the field of economic growth but under some modifications also within the field of public finance, supply-side economics and new classical macroeconomics. Ramsey´s model is the main ingredient of contemporary analysis of short- and long-run effects of macroeconomic stabilization policy.Item The Sudanese life of General Charles George Gordon(Západočeská univerzita v Plzni, 2013) Valkoun, JaroslavIn early February 1885, the reports of the tragic fate of the General Charles George “Chinese” Gordon came out of the blue. The whole British society was suddenly shaken and in a state of shock. For a year’s time, they had been informed with vigorous regularity about Gordon’s defence of the civilization in Khartoum all by his self against the barbarous and fanatical Mahdi – and all of a sudden, everything was over. In the eyes of the British, in a single day, his demise made of him one of the best known heroes of the Victorian era, disposing naturally of all of the imperial virtues. As time went by, however, his personal legacy faded from the British consciousness as fast as the faith in British Empire with its values, ideals and symbols. The present paper focuses on the now forgotten Sudanese life of General Gordon, for whom the Sudan became fatal. In its opening part, the article analyses his time in Egyptian service in the position of the Governor of Equatoria (1874–1877) and consequently, the Governor- General of the whole of the Sudan during the late rule of Khedive Ismail. The fact that the growing Mahdist Revolt, which had caused destabilization of the standing Egyptian administration in the Sudan, could, under certain circumstances, be a threat for Egypt, too,forced British officials in early 1884 to use General Gordon’s services as the Governor-General in Khartoum. However, Gordon’s erroneous assessment of the situation soon led to his isolation from the surrounding areas. The Relief Expeditions sent afterwards did not succeed in saving General Gordon, whose heroic dead passed into legend.Item Mariano Rampolla del Tindaro – der exkludierte Papst(Západočeská univerzita v Plzni, 2013) Suchánek, DrahomírThe object of the essay is an analysis of the person of the cardinal - secretary of state Mariano Rampolla del Tindaro and his exclusion from the papal election in the conclave in the year 1903. The topic of this thesis focuses on one aspect of state interventions in papal elections, which is generally called “the right of exclusion” – Jus Exclusivae. The papal conclave of 1903 retained considerable importance, when the veto right was applied for the last time, and the subsequent legislative process that removed the exclusion right. Mariano Rampolla died suddenly in Rome on December 16, 1913 at age seventy. The Rampolla´s heritage and successful papal diplomacy continued with his friend and closest collaborator, Cardinal Giacomo della Chiesa, later elected as Pope Benedict XV.Item Biografische Zeugnisse und Zeitzeugen – unvergessene und vergessene historische Persönlichkeiten im Geschichtsunterricht. Ein fachdidaktischer Ansatz(Západočeská univerzita v Plzni, 2013) Herzig, JobstItem Yamada Torajirō and Japanese Influence in Istanbul(Západočeská univerzita v Plzni, 2013) Kodet, RomanDuring their history the Ottoman Empire and Japan had almost no mutual contact and were hardly aware of each other. This situation changed at the end of the 19th century, when the Ottomans were interested in Japanese modernization according to the western model in order to apply the Japanese model on their own crumbling empire. On the other hand, some Japanese viewed the Ottoman Empire as an exotic oriental country and were eager to discover its history and culture. On this basis the relations between both countries were established. One of the most important proponents of Ottoman-Japanese relations was Yamada Torajirō, who came to Istanbul in 1892. He was to stay there for next 22 years. Although he wasn’t able to secure any radical political or economic interests for Japan in Istanbul, his activity brought a period of intensifying contacts between both countries. He also introduced Japanese culture and customs to Istanbul and after his return to Japan he wrote a lot of books about Turkey, in which he promoted the idea of Japanese-Turkish friendship. His work is therefore considered to be the fundamental basis of the good relations of Japan and Turkey up to the present time.Item Robert Knox: Racial Imagination, Transcendental Anatomy and Western Colonial Expansion(Západočeská univerzita v Plzni, 2013) Budil, IvoThe main purpose of this study is to discuss the nature of racial imagination in the work of Robert Knox, one of the founders of modern comparative anatomy and the author of The Races of Men: A Philosophical Enquiry into Influence of Race over the Destinies of Nations (1850), in the intellectual context of development of philosophic or transcendental anatomy and in the political context of colonial and imperial expansion of West in the nineteenth century. Robert Knox belonged to the intellectual influential group of Scottish political radicals and scientific materialists who played an important role in British academic life in 1820s and 1830s. These scholars shared the belief that new vision of Nature derived from continental German and French anatomical school should paved way for crucial social and political reforms aimed against interests of landed nobility and Church. However, in the 1840s the disillusionment came and the academic status of the above mentioned group was seriously shaken. The pessimistic racial teaching of Robert Knox was a fruit of this frustration and loss of scientific prestige.Item Anton Prokesch von Osten: The Co-author of Austria’s Policy towards Egypt in Vormärz(Západočeská univerzita v Plzni, 2013) Šedivý, MiroslavThe primary goal of the paper is to explain the influence of the Austrian diplomat, Anton Prokesch von Osten, on Austria’s Near Eastern policy in Vormärz, in particular towards Egypt governed by the powerful pasha, Mohammed Ali, with whom Prokesch met several times and was impressed by his personality and reforms in the land on the Nile. Though Prokesch’s views were not always shared by Austrian Chancellor Metternich in the 1830s, Prokesch served him as a prominent adviser on Mohammed Ali and his political ambitions, and Prokesch also contributed by his knowledge of Egypt as well as his diplomatic skills to limit Mohammed Ali’s power and destroy Egypt as a local power in the Eastern Mediterranean at the end of the decade. The paper should contribute to the history of not only Austria’s diplomatic history but also the history of modern Egypt and its national rebirth in the 19th century.
