Číslo 3 (2011)
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Item Drama and Democracy: An Exploration of Democracy in Arthur Miller's Plays on Pilsen Stages(Západočeská univerzita v Plzni, 2011) Mišterová, IvonaThe aim of this article is to analyse the rendition of democracy in Miller's plays performed on Pilsen stages in terms of the signifi cant social and political events and developments in the second half of the 20th century. Not long after World War II, the formerly tense wartime atmosphere seemed to come back to life on the stage. To state a particular instance, All My Sons, produced on September 25, 1948 under the direction of Zdeněk Hofb auer with Ota Ornest's translation, not only mirrored the wartime era, but, in some respects, also anticipated the era that was to come. The next production of a play by Miller, A View from the Bridge, under the direction of Jiří Dalík using Jan Grossman's translation, had its premiere only in 1962. It was staged during the directorship of Václav Špidla (1959–1963), whose version of Macbeth (1963) established a short, new theatrical era in Pilsen Theatre. During Jan Fišer's directorship (1963–1969), two productions of Miller's plays were staged: Incident at Vichy (1965) and The Crucible (1967). With respect to the socio-political climate, both interpretations might have anticipated the loosening of the political atmosphere towards the late 1960s, which was nevertheless disrupted by “normalization”. It is thus possible to suppose that democracy might have constituted a distinguishing feature of both
Item Vzpomínky na Šulgiho: obraz proslulého panovníka v mezopotámském písemnictví po pádu III. dynastie urské(Západočeská univerzita v Plzni, 2011) Vacín, LuděkThe present paper examines the image of the most illustrious ruler of the Ur III Dynasty (2012 – 2004 B.C.), Šulgi, in later periods of Mesopotamian history. It deals with all attested ways in which the memory of some of Šulgi's ideological and military achievements was preserved. Further, it scrutinizes the contexts in which his name was recalled and attempts to uncover the purposes to which such an undertaking may have served in later Mesopotamia. The paper does not examine the numerous royal hymns of Šulgi, although these are preserved not in Ur III but in Old Babylonian manuscripts, because the present author understands these texts as a product of the former era, the lack of contemporary copies notwithstanding. Thus, the article rather focuses on later copies of Šulgi's original royal inscriptions and letters but above all on his image in post-Ur III literary works such as omens, chronicles, and a ‘prophecy’, as well as on interesting mentions of Šulgi in the inscriptions of kings Nebuchadnezzar II and Nabonidus.Item Vztah vědy a umění v myšlení Jana Patočky(Západočeská univerzita v Plzni, 2011) Ševčík, MilošThe study follows Jan Patočka's considerations on the mutual relation of science and art as two important ways of the comprehension of reality. Patočka states that the science presents the tool of revealing the objective and binding truth and the art is able to reveal the subjective and individual truth. The art thus presents a corrective of the dominance of science. However, the art as such emerges only in the time of the dominance of science. The study stresses that, along these lines, the mutual relations of art and science should be conceived as dialectical.Item Interview with Professor Dalia Ofer(Západočeská univerzita v Plzni, 2011) Tarant, ZbyněkItem Výsledky analýzy potravinových zbytků na pozdně středověké keramice z Plzně(Západočeská univerzita v Plzni, 2011) Pavelka, Jaroslav; Orna, JiříWe analyzed archaeological food remains preserved mostly in the form of organic and carbonized remains on the pottery from the 13th – 15th century. Commercial tests for analyses of protein allergens in cooked food were used for detections of the food remains. We were able to determine some kinds of food. Damp acid conditions in cesspools probably caused damage of proteins in food remains. The results were thus less signifi cant in comparison to other localities. Nevertheless, our results revealed that, for example, all milk we identifi ed on the pottery from Plzen city was a goat milk in this time period. Our results suggests that goat milk made more important part of dairy products consumption than cow milk in late Middle Age Plzen city.Item Středověké islámské nadace: Rekonstrukce obsahu nadačních listin čtyř damašských waqfů z 11.–13. století(Západočeská univerzita v Plzni, 2011) Melčák, MiroslavThe foundation deed of the waqf is one of the main documents that we need to understand the economic and social signifi cance of this institution. The foundation deed contains information on the founder of the waqf, it specifi es endowed properties and depicts, in detail, the ways the properties should be utilized in order to accomplish a will of the founder. Research on waqfs of pre-Ottoman Syria is generally complicated by lack of original foundation deeds. This often makes us dependent on alternative sources of information. This paper demonstrates the potential of Arabic Epigraphy (inscriptions on waqf buildings) and literary sources (chronicles, biographical dictionaries, topographical descriptions, compendia of fatwās) to reconstruct the content of foundation deeds of four Damascene waqfs from 11th – 13th century.Item Ať žije ministryně, poslankyně, inženýrka, profesorka … aneb Feminizace názvů povolání ve francouzském jazyce(Západočeská univerzita v Plzni, 2011) Koláříková, DagmarThis paper presents some communication diffi culties caused by varieties of the French language regarding the feminization of nouns of occupations, titles, ranks and functions. Historically, the feminine form of a profession word was frequently used to designate a woman who was married to a man of that vocation although the woman did often hold the same job herself. Now more feminine forms are needed for all the diff erent positions that women hold themselves. First in French Canada but soon throughout the French-speaking world – people began to feminize titles to harmonize the language with the reality of our society, namely access of women to jobs previously held mainly by men. The choice between denoting women with grammatically masculine words and feminizing these masculine words is currently a linguistic and social controversy in France as well as in other French-speaking countries (Quebec, Belgium, Switzerland). This study examines arguments both in favor of and against the feminization of masculine nouns, and provides the offi cial opinions of several French language authorities. The paper also shows that the feminization is largely a social issue: many believe that the feminine forms are derogatory and should not be used.Item Journey of Czechoslovak Cultural Delegation to Egypt in 1956: “Cultural Agreement” between Egypt and the Czechoslovak Republic(Západočeská univerzita v Plzni, 2011) Jůnová Macková, AdélaCzechoslovak interests in Egypt were fostered since 1920s. Diplomatic relations were already established in 1922 and smoothly continued even during the World War Two. In the second half of the 1950s there was more noticeable regeneration of mutual relations when Czechoslovakia, as a result of the Soviet Union's new political trend, supplied military equipment to the Egyptian Army. Additionally to the arms supply, the economic relations revived and both countries also established cultural cooperation. In 1956, Czechoslovak Cultural Delegation arrived in Egypt within the Cultural Agreement negotiations. The delegation's assignment was to prepare the documentation for this agreement. However, one of the substantial results of these negotiations included the establishment of the Czechoslovak Institute of Egyptology, based in Prague and in Cairo.Item Dvojí život vojvodovského rodáka Aloise Filipa (Dvě vojvodovské edice)(Západočeská univerzita v Plzni, 2011) Jakoubek, MarekThe edition presents a commented transcription of the memoirs of Alois Filip, a former inhabitant of the only Czech village in Bulgaria – Vojvodovo. The memoirs cover many aspects of the (ex)Vojvodovo villager's life in Bulgaria as well as in South Moravia, where almost all Vojvodovan Czechs and Slovaks settled after remigration following World War II. The edition is supplemented by informative commentaries and prefaced by a short introduction explaining the background to the manuscript in the context of the history of Vojvodovo and its Czech (ex)inhabitants.Item Instituce vezirátu: Několik poznámek k vezírům Staré říše(Západočeská univerzita v Plzni, 2011) Dulíková, VeronikaThe present article deals with some questions connected with the institution of vizierate and with the title of “vizier” in the Old Kingdom. In this period of time viziers bore the composite title ... The further hieroglyphic signs, such as the sign of ... and the word mAa, were appended in some cases to this title. The vizier's title and the additions have been interpreted in egyptological literature in several ways. This article summarises transcription-styles of the vizier's title, proposes a new interpretation of the addition ... and tries to determinate important turning-points of vizierate in the Old Kingdom.Item Od „rasy” k etnocentrismu a zpět(Západočeská univerzita v Plzni, 2011) Blažek, VladimírWhereas the concept of race held an important place in history as a means by which to describe human variability or, more precisely, human populations, it no longer holds water within the frame of contemporary understanding. The variability of human populations evolved in a complicated manner in connection with migration to the most varied of ecological environments and climates. Random population-genetic mechanisms in small population groups have also played a major role. Despite considerable morphological and adaptational diff erences, humankind can be defi ned as rather genetically homogenous. The majority of people perceive the diff erences within a population as “racial” not by virtue of tradition alone, but also intuitively; the ability to discern “racial” diff erences can be explained as a result of the development of face-recognition abilities during early ontogenesis. The newborn quickly learns to distinguish the faces of close ones and acquaintances (starting with his mother's) from the crowd according to an innate schema. This creates a basis for trusting or distrusting others. These mechanisms of face recognition continue to guide us as adults, leading us to feel high or low levels of trust. One of these mechanisms is the population (or “the racial”) distinction with the eff ect of the socalled other-race-eff ect. Greater trust brought about by similarity/familiarity (and the possible genetic kinship it implies) leads to collaboration and cooperation among individuals. By contrast, lesser similarity can lead to avoiding cooperation. Associated with this is on the one hand the human tendency towards xenophobia and on the other hand the tendency to form distinct groups. This along with other aspects (speech, body decoration, etc.) could probably contribute to ethnogenesis, at least in traditional societies. Self-defi nition by means of contrast with other ethnicities could further draw attention to physical diff erences and could consequently support the idea that “racial” diff erences exist, or even justify xenophobia. ‘Racialisation’ can thus be understood as a social construct, conditioned by the need to defi ne the divide between groups in terms of diff erences. It is therefore, to a certain extent, possible to consider it not only psychologically, but also historically (developmentally), natural.Item Problémy interpretace renesančního vědění: empirie vs. tradice v renesanční kultuře(Západočeská univerzita v Plzni, 2012) Černá, JanaThe central theme of this study is the problem of the interpretation of Renaissance knowledge, especially the relationship between empiricism and tradition in Renaissance epoch. The paper analyses three forms of Renaissance knowledge: humanism, historia naturalis and natural philosophy. It primarily intends to reject the characteristics of Renaissance period like the age of modernism and empiricism as well as the age of renovation of antiquity. There were those who praised the classical heritage and the others who attacked the ancients while integrating many ancient concepts in their works. And therefore the Renaissance should be interpret like the period of “seeming paradoxes”.
