Číslo 3 (2012)
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Item The rebirth of history: times of riots and uprisings(Západočeská univerzita v Plzni, 2012) Krčál, Petr
Item (Nejen) o občanské společnosti, politické kultuře a občanské participaci: Rozhovor s Karlem B. Müllerem z VŠE(Západočeská univerzita v Plzni, 2012) Krčál, PetrItem Trianonská smlouva a její reflexe v současné maďarské politice(Západočeská univerzita v Plzni, 2012) Pitař, MartinAfter the 2010 Hungarian parliamentary election, Hungary found itself in a very specific position within Europe. Due to the election results, the conservative right-wing Fidesz party was able to form a single-party government with constitutional majority, which meant it was very easy for them to pass new legislation. At the same time, the strongly nationalist Jobbik also party entered the Hungarian Parliament. This party founded the Hungarian Guard, a paramilitary group. Due to those variables, certain links, which are demonstrated in the form of laws that reflect the more than ninety years old Treaty of Trianon, are emerging in Hungarian politics. The aim of this paper is to analyse a number of laws which reflect or refer to the Treaty of Trianon, and which were passed in the Hungarian Parliament in the last two years. The first analysed law establishes the day of the signing of the treaty (the 4th of June) as the Day of National Unity of all Hungarians. The second one is the law on dual citizenship, which makes it possible for the Hungarians living in other states to apply for Hungarian citizenship. In the third part of the article, the new Hungarian constitution is analysed. A part of this analysis also focuses on the strongly nationalist Jobbik party and of their offshoot – the paramilitary Hungarian Guard.Item Scottish independence: the way to go?(Západočeská univerzita v Plzni, 2012) Patterson, DanielaSince its 2007 general election victory, Scotland‘s SNP (the Scottish National Party) has been promoting the broadening of devolution for Scotland and, since its re–election in 2011, it has been taking steps toward holding a full independence referendum, which is planned for 2014. In October 2012, Scotland was granted the constitutional power to hold such a referendum, however, the issue of an independent Scotland poses a number of important questions, many of them yet to be fully answered. This article looks at the issue of Scottish devolution and subsequently Scottish independence, and discusses the particular problems connected with the notion of an independent Scotland.Item Občanská společnost, korupce a (ne) důvěra – dílčí příspěvek k pochopení povahy a dopadů korupce v postkomunistických společnostech(Západočeská univerzita v Plzni, 2012) Naxera, VladimírIn this article, the author focuses on the explanation of the social perception of corruption in post–Communist countries. The objective of the article is to find out why high corruption of governments and politicians in Central and Eastern Europe does not often lead to their fall. The author found the answer especially in the weakness of civil societies, in the societies‘ disinterest in politics and their inability to advocate their demands for change. In the first part of the article, the author focuses on the problems of civil societies in post–Communist countries in general. In the following part, the author discusses the nature of corruption in post–Communist regimes and finally, in the concluding part of the article, the author interconnects the two main topics in an analysis of the approach of the given civil societies to corruption.Item Analýza weberovského a postweberovského pojetí moci: stav výzkumu v české politologii(Západočeská univerzita v Plzni, 2012) Mertl, JiříThe text is focused on the issue of power as one of the main parts of the political science’s research, arguing that Czech research in this issue has “frozen”. Several concepts of power are introduced throughout the first third of the text, stressing out that the research of power and its exercising should be complex and that cannot be reduced to the one paradigm or view as it is done in Czech political science (to the Weberian concept to be more precise). The second third is dedicated to the concept of governmentality by Michel Foucault as probably the most complex theory of exercising of power. And in the last third we will do a critical discourse and metaphor analysis of the Czech power research discourse to point out that it needs a renewal in form of a serious critical discussion.Item Mečiar, Fico a charizmatické panstvo(Západočeská univerzita v Plzni, 2012) Lupták, Ľubomír; Lupták Burzová, PetraThis article deals with Max Weber’s notion of charismatic domination and its applicability in the analysis of political development in postsocialist Slovakia. First it introduces the concept, as well as its role in Weber’s philosophy of history and its function in his explanations of cultural change. To test and illustrate the analytic value of the concept, it is applied to interpret the rise of two postsocialist political leaders, Vladimír Mečiar and Robert Fico, with a special focus on the integrative and transformative functions charismatic domination fulfills in the context of political transition, the role it plays in the establishment and negotiation of a new moral and political order and in overcoming the inherent exclusionary tendencies of a revolutionary discourse, as well as the role it seems to play in ordinary political life within a modern, legal system of domination.Item Mnoho psů, zajícova smrt: dilemata post-konfliktní rekonstrukce Kosova(Západočeská univerzita v Plzni, 2012) Leichtová, MagdalénaIn this article the author argues that the development assistance provided to Kosovo helps to create a „like-unit“ of the international system. This assistance is provided according to donor guidelines and thus leads to the construction of a modern state as the basic unit of the international system. The conclusion the author came to states that the development assistance helps the external sovereignty of Kosovo, despite the fact that many members of the donor organisations do not recognise the existence of Kosovo. At the same time, the author argues that the very same assistance undermines the internal sovereignty of Kosovo, as it confirms, respects and thus enforces the ethnical cleavages in the society. As a tool of improvement, the author suggests the concept of „functional networking“, which might provide an alternative point of view on providing development assistance in dividend societies.Item Vztah instituce trestu a legitimity: Od divadla krutosti k neoliberální revoluci(Západočeská univerzita v Plzni, 2012) Krčál, PetrThe following article focuses on the issue of the mutual relation between punishment and the legitimacy of political order. The objective of this article is to explain how state institutions can utilise the institution of punishment to strengthen their legitimacy. The article consists of two main parts. The first part introduces the institution of punishment and the mutual relation between punishment and the legitimacy of state institutions (or of political order in general). The second part focuses on the examples of penalties in the Czech Republic. The first one aims to the case of strengthen of legitimacy thru the exemplary punishment. The second aims to the case of commodification of victim. The last one focuses on possible weakening of legitimacy thru the illegitimate punishment.Item Paradigmata americké zahraniční politiky aneb legitimace moci pomocí „Mnichova“ a „Vietnamu“(Západočeská univerzita v Plzni, 2012) Hlaváček, PavelThe aim of this article is to demonstrate that all American administrations since 1945 justified the usage of the American armed forces by making an analogy with either the experience of the Second World War (“the Munich Paradigm”), or the experience of the Vietnam War (“the Vietnam Paradigm”). Those two wars represent crucial turning points in the development of the US foreign policy. They contributed to the creation of two models of the decision making process, which changes approximately every 20 years, when a new generation of Americans gains power. Internationalists favour foreign interventions, because they believe it is the best way to keep America safe from threats. Isolationists, on the other hand, reject pro-active foreign policy and do not believe that America should play the role of the world’s policeman. So far, almost all American presidents since 1945 followed the Munich analogy and only two followed the Vietnam analogy.Item Kmotři, dárky a moderní demokracie: dílčí shrnutí a dvě kritické poznámky k sociálním studiím lobbingu(Západočeská univerzita v Plzni, 2012) Müller, Karel B.This article consists of three parts. In the first part, the issues of the legitimacy and complexity of lobbying on the silhouette of normative democratic theory and the concept of civil society will be summarised. In this part, the author utilises the complementary concept of civil society which was introduced and discussed earlier. In the second part, on the background of the concepts of modernity (Giddens, Habermas), the author introduces the understanding of clientelism and corruption as a residuum of traditional society. Here, the author tries to contribute to the discussion on why modern societies are prone to infiltration by clientelism. In the third part, the regulation of lobbying is interpreted as a tool for eliminating the risk of clientelism and corruption. The author interprets the regulation of lobbying as the institutional safeguard and socio-cultural treatment of the borderline between the political and economic realms. In the third part, the author also draws upon Niklas Luhmann´s theory of social systems.
