Roč. 14 (2008)
Permanent URI for this collection
Browse
Recent Submissions
Item Problematika hodnocení regionálních rozdílů(Západočeská univerzita v Plzni, Fakulta pedagogická, Katedra geografie, 2008) Baštová, Magdalena; Dokoupil, Jaroslav; Matušková, Alena; Preis, Jiří; Čechurová, MonikaThis paper is dealing with the problems of selection and synthesis of statistical indicators used to help the process of regionalism as well as the evaluation of differences within the regions of various hierarchical levels. Target units of these evaluations for the EU are NUTS 2 and/or NUTS 3 regions, that are used mainly for evaluating economic politics and social cohesion. The Czech Statistical Office prepared the methodology for a detailed analysis called “Complex position of administrative municipalities with widespread scope in the frame of a district”. This methodology is based on 52 statistically investigated indicators, divided into four sections: demographic milieu and residential structure; social milieu; economics; infrastructure, position, accessibility and environment. The main objective of this paper is to evaluate the selection and methodology of and to stimulate discussion that will lead to more relevant outputs.
Item Kartografické metody výzkumu a jejich uplatnění v geografii(Západočeská univerzita v Plzni, Fakulta pedagogická, Katedra geografie, 2008) Veverka, Bohuslav; Čechurová, Monika; Čechurová, MonikaCoordinate systems of the basic state maps of the Czech Republic. Survey of state maps. Components – geodetic datum, cartographic projections and their relations. Characteristics of the systems S-JTSK, S-42, WGS84. Transformational relations between plane and spherical coordinate systems on the Czech Republic territory. Review of the methods for coordinate localization. Application of the method of coordinate computations for today and historical map sheets compositions. Software MATKART and its using.Item Data z VŠPS a jejich využitelnost v regionálně-geografickém výzkumu(Západočeská univerzita v Plzni, Fakulta pedagogická, Katedra geografie, 2008) Palcrová, Šárka; Toušek, Václav; Čechurová, MonikaIn December 1992 Labour Force Sample Survey (LFSS) was instituted in the Czech Republic. Its results enable comparison of situation at the labour market in our country with most countries not only developed but also with transforming economy. Even if the data are issued only for the CR, cohesion regions and regions, they can be used also in the regional geographical research. Regional level data are however often loaded with errors so interpretation of LFSS results has to be often conditioned. Authors present some fault LFSS results in the contribution.Item Metodologie geografického výzkumu komunity ostrova Čečeň v Kaspickém moři(Západočeská univerzita v Plzni, Fakulta pedagogická, Katedra geografie, 2008) Svozil, Břetislav; Čechurová, MonikaThe Island Chechen is situated in the northwestern part of the Caspian Sea. It is also a part of the southernmost republic of Russian federation – Dagesthan. The beginning of the research of the island community was initiated in the almost unknown territory. The free accessible sources of information are not so frequent, in fact they are minimal, and they only refer to this location, illegal hunting of sturgeons or they mention it in the time of the world wars. The lack of information was one of the main reasons why I chose qualitative field research. It is chiefly oriented ethnographically in the sense of „thick description“ (GEERTZ, 2000). Coming up to the participate observation – participation of the common/daily life of studied people, they are transformed to the roles of ego-involvement. The part of this method is not only surveying, but it includes e.g. interviews, unstandardized conversations, analysis of the personal documents and so on, depth dates are used (CLOKE ET AL., 2004). The essential in the research methodology , which gather from the transdisciplinary cooperation is interception of the reality perception by the island subjects (their construction reality). The methodological access of ESPECT (HYNEK, 2005) is important for constructing the holistic image of the researched location. It could be studied as particular components of social reality in term of spatiality and authority emergence.Item Typologie středoevropských měst podle dostupnosti letecké dopravy(Západočeská univerzita v Plzni, Fakulta pedagogická, Katedra geografie, 2008) Seidenglanz, Daniel; Čechurová, MonikaAir transport in Central Europe has been undergoing a dynamic development after 1990. The main causes are the changing organisational framework in connection with deregulations as well as changing political, economic and social context of Central Europe. The dynamic air transport development strongly influences the relative accessibility of Central European cities on the global and European scales. The aim of the paper is the formation of their typology based on air transport accessibility using cluster analysis.Item Dostupnost a kvalita vstupních dat pro socioekonomickou analýzu území kraje(Západočeská univerzita v Plzni, Fakulta pedagogická, Katedra geografie, 2008) Novák, Václav; Čechurová, MonikaThe entry deals with data sources that are used for creating an analytical part of regional developement strategy. The article presents the most important chapters of the regional socioeconomic analysis. It mainly advert to problems with data quality within described themes. The author places emphasis on data value and warns against data misinterpretation. He also describes method changes of statistical indicators computation. The Change of regional division is considered a serious problem for athors of regional socio-economic analyses.Item Kvalita života rómskej komunity v meste Levoča(Západočeská univerzita v Plzni, Fakulta pedagogická, Katedra geografie, 2008) Michaeli, Eva; Matlovič, René; Dravecká, Beata; Hofierka, Jaroslav; Ivanová, Monika; Čechurová, MonikaThe Slovak republic belongs to the most ethnically diverse countries in the central and eastern Europe. Based on the 2001 census it is evident that there are members of 17 different nationalities living in this country. The Romany community is the second largest national minority (preceded by Hungarians); and if the present natality trend continues they could become the majority population by 2060. There is a presumption that the highest number of Romanies, as high as 2 millions, live in Romania. Another most numerous Roma minorities are in Hungary and Bulgaria (about 800 000, MICHAELI a kol. 2002). The Romanies are a specific group of people when considering various aspects including the European origin and absence of a state domicile. The Romany population is a specific ethnic group presenting a community that is distant from the majority community with a different level of integration of individual groups with the majority community. (MATLOVIČ, 2005).Item Zemědělství v horských oblastech: vybrané teoreticko-metodologické aspekty geografického výzkumu(Západočeská univerzita v Plzni, Fakulta pedagogická, Katedra geografie, 2008) Martinát, Stanislav; Čechurová, MonikaMountain areas cover in dependence on chosen methodology up to one third of area of the Czech Republic. When we take into consideration farm land, it´s approximately 8 %, so it is relatively spacious part of country. Agricultural activities in these areas have to strictly respect natural conditions, however still keep its social, cultural and economic functions. These features make from research of moutain agriculture very interesting challenge. The objective of this paper is to follow phenomenon of mountain farming and connected spatial processes; its importance for cultural landscape and society will be also theoretically analysed. Special attention is paid to concept of marginality in agricultural context.Item Demografické správanie vysokoškolských študentov v kontexte populačných zmien na Slovensku(Západočeská univerzita v Plzni, Fakulta pedagogická, Katedra geografie, 2008) Marenčáková, Jana; Mládek, Jozef; Čechurová, MonikaFormation of the new model of reproductive behaviour is characterised by the rapid decrease of the natural population increase, reproduction rates and total fertility rate. Changes of family behaviour are characterised by transition from the model of early marriage to that of late marriage. The aim of this contribution is the presentation of the analyses results of the objective and especially potential demographic behaviour in context of the population changes in Slovakia. The information about reproduction and family behaviour was used from the official statistical evidence and from specially inquiry among undergraduate Slovak students. Results from the inquiry showes some features of the demographic behaviour typical for the second demographic transition. Manifestation of the dominant effect exerted by the individual interests and aims has been confirmed. The majority prefers to conclude marriage after a certain time spent in employment and prefers having children 2 – 3 years after wedding. Preference of the two-child family model has been confirmed. Decreased number of concluded marriages is related above all to poor outlooks to obtain dwelling. With the increasing age at wedding and at the first childbirth in Slovakia also the increase of age the respondent wish to conclude marriage or have a child is observable. Links between the nuptiality and natality behaviour weaken. As demonstrates that more than a half of respondents consider cohabitation an adequate behaviour before marriage. In use of contraception (real or planned) a distinct preference of hormonal to mechanical contraception has been observed.Item Percepcia kvality života na príklade mesta Bardejov(Západočeská univerzita v Plzni, Fakulta pedagogická, Katedra geografie, 2008) Fertaľová, Jana; Madziková, Alena; Čechurová, MonikaThe paper deals with the quality of life from the behavioural-geographical point of view. The process of collecting data in this case is mainly based on a questionnaire survey. Its aim is to reflect people’s opinions, preferences and assessments on the quality of their life. This survey was realised in the city of Bardejov in 2007. Some results are presented in the second part of the paper.Item Možnosti výzkumu inovačního prostředí(Západočeská univerzita v Plzni, Fakulta pedagogická, Katedra geografie, 2008) Kunc, Josef; Klapka, Pavel; Čechurová, MonikaInnovation environment or innovation potential comprises wide interdisciplinary field of human activities. Its research, assessment and possible approaches are similarly wide. Basically it is a relatively young research field at least in the Czech geography, which on one hand proposes wide possibilities of research approaches that test their own validity and correctness, on the other hand relevant possibilities of reflexion and comparison with similar works are missing. The paper presents selected aspects of research of innovative environment, introduces some established approaches and discusses further possibilities of this research in future.Item Metody kartografické vizualizace dat zdravotního stavu obyvatelstva(Západočeská univerzita v Plzni, Fakulta pedagogická, Katedra geografie, 2008) Kubíček, Petr; Štampach, Radim; Geryk, Edvard; Čechurová, MonikaThe presented article deals with an interdisciplinary research of health status data analysis and so called “health cartography” mapping approaches. After giving a brief summary of cartographic peculiarities dealing with the health data presentation, the issues of recommendation on map design and reliability representation is discussed. Special attention is then given to the current trends in cartographic visualization (geovizualization), non traditional methods and exploratory cartography. Following part methodically describes utilization of modern cartographic tools for dynamic presentation, publication and analysis of health data. The terms “dynamic presentation and publication” are used to describe mainly the possibility to select required scale, interactive creative communication of users and map authors, and also presence of active cartometric and statistical tools.Item Metody analýz populačního vývoje ve venkovských sídlech periferních pohraničních a přeshraničních regionů: (na příkladu česko – rakouského přeshraničního regionu „Novohradské hory – Freiwald“)(Západočeská univerzita v Plzni, Fakulta pedagogická, Katedra geografie, 2008) Kubeš, Jan; Čechurová, MonikaThe article describes and explains methods of analyses of both differences and similarities in population and settlement development in Czech and Austrian parts of cross-border region "Novohradské hory Mountains – Freiwald Mountains" in between 1869 and 2001. We gathered and analysed immense amount of data concerning the number of inhabitants in all sort of settlements in last 13 census (1869 – 2001) covering 465 settlements in the region. The data had to be relocated in order to correspond to geographically related settlements (not administratively organised settlements), displaying many similarities in both Czech and Austrian parts of the region. We paid special attention to changes of population, population percentage, number of settlements and settlement percentage according to “population-and-size” and other types of settlement.Item Horské a podhorské oblasti Jižních Čech očima místních obyvatel(Západočeská univerzita v Plzni, Fakulta pedagogická, Katedra geografie, 2008) Klufová, Renata; Čechurová, Monika„Time accessibility“ – an example of spatial deformation generated by transport. Transport belongs to the most dynamical landscape units. Its spatial speed generates time-space compression. Growing speed of movement causes „reducing“ of geographical space which also leads to its alternative perception. By using weighted time accessibility a spatial deformation formula was created. In the research area both regions deforming space positively (time-space convergence) and regions deforming space negatively (time-space divergence) were defined and by using GIS tools these deformations were also expressed cartographically.Item Metodologické přístupy k hodnocení potenciálu cestovního ruchu území(Západočeská univerzita v Plzni, Fakulta pedagogická, Katedra geografie, 2008) Klapka, Pavel; Nováková, Eva; Frantál, Bohumil; Čechurová, MonikaSuitability of an area for tourism and recreational needs belongs among traditional issues of the Czech geography. Generally this problem is divided into assessment of natural potential and assessment of cultural-historical potential of an area for tourism and recreation. This contribution is aimed at possibilities of quantitative expression of cultural-historical potential using spatial interaction models in the area of the South Moravia region.Item Regiony v proměnách času a prostoru(Západočeská univerzita v Plzni, Fakulta pedagogická, Katedra geografie, 2008) Chromý, Pavel; Čechurová, MonikaThe contribution presents, in the form of reflexion, the researches on regional identity and identity of a region carried out at the Faculty of Science, Charles University in Prague. The author contemplates the direction of current culturgeographical and historic-geographical researches and discusses its „new” methodical approaches that have enriched Czech – regional – geography in the course of the last decade. The author lays stress primarily on the combination of extensive and intensive methods of research into regional study and assessment of the process of forming, development and ending of regions namely in a dual context: a) ideas of forming Europe of regions, b) institutionalising of new regions in Czechia.Item Banská Bystrica a České Budějovice v transformačnom období - závery z komparácie(Západočeská univerzita v Plzni, Fakulta pedagogická, Katedra geografie, 2008) Chorvát, Tomáš; Čechurová, MonikaThe paper presents main results of the comparative study of eské Bud jovice and Banská Bystrica (cities in the Czech and Slovak Republics, regional capitals with a similar population size, administrative rank and third and quarter sector orientation of city economy) from the perspective of urban geography. The author summarizes outcomes from the comparison of changes in inner spatial structure of researched cities during the transitional, postsocialist period (from 1991). As a point of departure, the author observes differences in all spatial structures of the cities that are outcomes of uneven historical development before 1918 and their different geopolitical position. On the other hand, the author establishes common features of the development of eské Bud jovice and Banská Bystrica, mainly those connected with the socialist period (1948 – 1989), which brought convergency in many areas, such as appearance and operation of cities. Therefore researched cities got over the period of transition with lot of common and a few specific problems. eské Bud jovice entered the transitional period in better position which was reflected also in a socioeconomic position of its inhabitants. The reason was that changes in intraurban structures of eské Bud jovice in the socialist period were not as extensive as were fundamental changes in the city organism of Banská Bystrica that was much less developed in the capitalist period (before the Second World War) as eské Bud jovice. The result of these facts was reflected especially in shifts and an extent of the postsocialist transformation of spatial structures in the researched cities. These shifts we can summarize as a combination of: 1. the time shift (2-4 years); 2. the shift in extent; 3. the shift in quality … in the process of postsocialist transformation in eské Bud jovice and Banská Bystrica. These shifts represent the backwardness of the development of the postsocialist transition in Banská Bystrica opposite to eské Bud jovice, which was induced by modified conditions of the postsocialist transition. The author illustrates these modified features on the examples of four case studies (the transformation of retail; the housing construction; the residential suburbanization; the situation of homeless people in both cities). The last part of the paper is dedicated to an assessment of comparative studies of the (postsocialist) cities, their strengths and problems (e.g. the problem of data comparability). It is possible to stress that comparative studies of (postsocialist) cities bring many important findings and impulses, which stay unknown if we study cities only individually.Item Geographium(Západočeská univerzita v Plzni, Fakulta pedagogická, Katedra geografie, 2008) Hynek, Alois; Čechurová, MonikaAfter generation of strong synthesizing theoreticians in Czech geography the contemporary mainstream employs especially in component geographical disciplines with strong emhasizes in empiricism. The hidden continent of the Czech geography includes applied research in private and public sectors without publishing but highly relevant. On the other hand Czech geographical education is suffering a crisis in basic and secondary schools being reduced into only science, not humanities position. The lack of integrated geographical concept is experienced both in education and research. For this reason new ideas from Anglo-Saxon human geography are accepted, with irony of their French philosophical background – J.Derrida and M.Foucault as actors. The focus in landscapes and regions opens the concept of ESPECT including mono/polycentric relations between economy, society,politics, environment, culture and technology (actants). Geographium is an attempt to constitute geographical ontology, epistemology and metodology both for research and education.Item Shlukovací analýza údajů z meteorologických stanic Ruska a zemí někdejšího Sovětského svazu(Západočeská univerzita v Plzni, Fakulta pedagogická, Katedra geografie, 2008) Farský, Ivan; Čechurová, MonikaThis article brings on base of 19 meteorological stations from Russia and other surrounding states confrontation of Köppen climatic regionalisation and cluster analysis of other data from this19 stations. Confrontation shows significant conformity. The problems come on in case of non typical neighbourhood of station area, it means in border position (Saratov) or climatic anomaly (Stavropol, Kaunas).Item Uplatnění dopravní sociologie v regionální geografii(Západočeská univerzita v Plzni, Fakulta pedagogická, Katedra geografie, 2008) Drápela, Emil; Čechurová, MonikaThe transport plays one of the key roles in the life of the present-day society. Within one day, everybody usually travels somewhere several times, be that to work, school, shops, looking for entertainment or anywhere else. The location of the places a person visits, their type and the selected transport mode show a lot about the person’s lifestyle. The housing location often strongly influences this style, and vice versa, the inhabitants’ lifestyle shapes the spatial structure of the locality. This poses a question how the housing location influences the transport behaviour of the inhabitants and how this transport behaviour is reflected in the land use of municipalities and cities. Modern lifestyle trends significantly influence spatial structure of municipalities; however, this is not always a positive phenomenon. One may observe creation of barriers, impeding or preventing regional development, conflicts between groups of different lifestyles, assertion of unilaterally advantageous solutions, non-observance of the sustainability principles and many other lapses, whose accumulation may impact negatively the development of the region for years. Conversely, by creating a suitable multi-functional backbone structure, in particular the transport structure, it is possible to create an environment that stimulates development. However, during its planning, it is necessary to take into account the mobility of individual groups of inhabitants and the social inclusion conditioned thereby.
