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Item The List Length Effect and Immediate Free Recall of Visually Displayed Information in Various Forms(2023) Bartoš, Petr; Gangur, MikulášThis paper investigated four main phenomena connected with the free immediate recall and visual representation of the information: list-length effect, serial position effect, horizontal versus vertical presentation of the information, expression of the information in the form of the symbol, text, and symbol with text. The number of examined respondents was 4140. The experiment revealed a different memory recall of various forms of visually displayed information and studied a dependency of list length effect on primacy and recency effect. The results showed that people recall better the combination of symbols and text than only text or symbols. The other finding indicated a significant difference between the number of recalled items in the tests of 5, 7, and 9 items. The respondents recalled the highest number of items in 5-item tests and the lowest number in 9-item tests. There was investigated that the proportions of the respondents recalling the items from the beginning is higher than those of the respondents recalling the items from the end. The results showed that the primacy effect was higher than the recency effect regardless of the list length (5, 7, or 9 items tests). This article's findings should help design visually optimized websites and applications.
Item Macro-prudential policies to contain the effect of structural risks on financial downturns(2023) Hodula, Martin; Janků, Jan; Pfeifer, LukášWe investigate the extent to which various structural risks exacerbate the materialization of credit risk and affect financial cycle downturns. We use a large database covering all sorts of cyclical and structural features of the financial sector and the real economy for a panel of 30 countries over the period 2006Q1–2019Q4. We show that elevated levels of structural risks may have an important role in explaining the severity of credit risk materialization during financial cycle contractions. Among these risks, private and public sector indebtedness, banking sector resilience and concentration of real estate exposures stand out. Moreover, we show that the elevated levels of some of the structural risks identified may be related to long-standing accommodative economic policy. Our evidence implies a stronger role for macroprudential policy, especially in countries with higher levels of structural risks.Item Issues when the parental and host country systemic institution buffers differ: the case of Czechia(2024) Pfeifer, LukášThe article analyses regulatory reforms in the EU to the capital bufers for mitigating risks associated with institutions'systemic importance in the Capital Requirements Directive (CRD). The Directive includes a bufer for other relevantinstitutions (O-SIIs) and limits its size to a general cap and a specifc cap for subsidiaries. However, the specifc subsidiarycap may limit national authorities' ability to set a sufcient bufer for domestic institutions that are members of Europeanbanking groups to cover risks to the domestic market. It also may lead to a situation where two institutions of similar systemicimportance could be subject to diferent O SII bufer rates because their owners are of diferent systemic importance and havediferent O-SII bufer rates in diferent EU jurisdictions. The amended CRD V increases the general and subsidiary cap forthe O-SII reserve by one percentage point. However, the cap for subsidiary institutions remained in force, which limits thesetting of capital bufers, especially for banking sectors with signifcant foreign ownership. These include mainly countriesof the former Soviet-aligned Eastern Bloc. This paper outlines shortcomings of the subsidiary cap, argues for a revision ofit to ensure level playing feld in these capital bufers and quantifes the impact of the subsidiary cap according to the CRDIV and CRD V on the capital requirement applied to the Czech banking sector.Item Unfair Trading Practices in Milk Supply Chain(2021) Vargová, Lucia; Pokrivčák, Ján; Rajčániová, MiroslavaThe objective of this paper is to identify the occurrence of unfair trading practices (UTPs) in Slovakia’s milk agri-food supply chain. Based on survey data we aim to find out what UTPs are used at different stages of contract execution. We investigated the trade relationships between milk producers (dairy farms) and milk processors. Our results show that the weakest point of a business relationship, most exposed to UTPs is the phase of the contract negotiation. “No safeguard defined if the purchaser fails to fulfil the contract” is considered as the most common unfair trade practice by farmers. The highest incidence of UTPs is observed in the group of farms delivering more than 2 mil. litres of milk per year, especially when trading with big processor (dairies with annual sales more than 50 mil. EUR).Item Enhancing Production Quality by Avoiding Dishonest Behaviour(2024) Martinčíková Sojková, OlgaPurpose: This paper elucidates the determinants of dishonest behaviour affecting various domains and aims to demonstrate how addressing these practices can substantially improve overall quality.Methodology/Approach: A framed laboratory experiment with economics students from the University of West Bohemia was conducted, where participants chose between honest and lower-quality production. Using the Holt-Laury method, we measured risk aversion and personality traits using the Myers-Briggs Type Indicator (MBTI).Findings: Increased inspection probability significantly reduced lower-quality production, with a statistical significance level of less than 1%. Thinking type of personality and Risk Aversion are significant at the 10% level, indicating a moderate impact. Conversely, punishment and rewards were statistically insignificant, with p-values exceeding 10%.Research Limitation/Implication: The study is limited by its homogeneous sample of economics students from a single university and insufficient gender representation, which may affect generalizability.Originality/Value of paper: This research provides insights into how inspection probabilities, rewards, punishments, risk aversion, and personal characteristics influence dishonest behaviour, aiding the development of strategies to reduce dishonesty and improve overall quality.Item Economic preferences and cognitive abilities among teenagers in Spain(2025) Vasco, Monica; Alfonso, Antonio; Arenas, Andreu; Cabrales, Antonio; Cuesta, Jose A.; Espin, Antonio M.; Espinosa, Maria Paz; Garcia-Munoz, Teresa; Izquierdo Nofuentes, Alex; Jorrat, Diego; Kovářík, Jaromír; Lomas, Pablo; Martinez-Estudillo, Alfonso Carlos; Montolio, Daniel; Ramos-Sosa, Maria del Pino; Roman, Patricia; Sanchez, Angel; Vazquez-De Francisco, Maria Jose; Branas-Garza, PabloThis dataset originates from TeensLab, a consortium of Spanish Universities dedicated to behavioral research involving Spanish teenagers. The dataset contains data from 33 distinct educational institutions across Spain, accounting for a total of 5,890 students aged 10 to 23 (M = 14.10, SD = 1.94), representing various educational levels such as primary school, secondary school, sixth form and vocational training. The main dimensions covered in this dataset include (i) economic preferences, (ii) cognitive abilities and (iii) strategic thinking. Additionally, a range of supplementary variables is included alongside socio-demographic factors, capturing data on aspects like physical appearance, mood and expectations, among others.Item When Daces Bite Deeper than Sharks – Does the SMEs Public Subsidy Dose Matter?(2023) Špetlík, Václav; Čadil, JanOne of the EU's main priorities is to boost the competitiveness of its member states through subsidies from the European Structural Funds. As SMEs are key elements of competitiveness, their support through various subsidy programmes is important. However, as our research shows, the distribution of funds among SMEs is highly unequal. While some SMEs are very successful in obtaining subsidies, others (especially the smallest ones) are not. Using a robust dataset of Czech companies, we have identified subsidy ‘sharks‘ receiving multiple times more funds, compared to mediocre ‘salmons‘ and lowly supported ‘daces‘. While using counterfactual design with control for a subsidy dose and taking labour productivity as a proxy for competitiveness, we have found out that the subsidy dose really matters. It seems that the higher the dose, the lower the impact on competitiveness. Since, on average, subsidies led to higher competitiveness of beneficiaries, the subsidy daces significantly outpaced sharks. From a policy perspective, limiting support per beneficiary could lead to higher effectiveness of support programmes. This study also highlights the importance of the subsidy dose in evaluation practice and research.Item The Influence of Pandemic COVID-19 on the Quality of Public Railway Transport in South Bohemia(Budapest University of Technology and Economics, 2023) Telecký, Martin; Papoušková, KvětaItem Where are craft breweries located? The role of agglomeration, tourism, and know-how(Taylor and Francis Ltd., 2023) Pokrivčák, Ján; Ciaian, Pavel; Lančarič, Drahoslav; Michalička, Tomáš; Plevný, MiroslavItem Vnímání města v kontextu historické památky na příkladu chebských krovů(Západočeská univerzita v Plzni, 2022) Tlučhoř, Jan; Přibáň, Pavel; Gangur, Mikuláš; Ircingová, Jarmila; Jakubíková, Dagmar; Janeček, Petr; Maříková, Hana; Štumpf, PetrČlánek se zabývá vnímáním a obrazem města Chebu v kontextu historického dědictví. Od roku 2017 je ve městě realizována prohlídková trasa historickými krovy. Cílem výzkumu bylo zjistit, jaký vliv má tato aktivita na image města, resp. zda historické krovy již tvoří součást image města alespoň pro některé obyvatele a občany ČR. Obraz města dosud nebyl systematicky zkoumán. Byly provedeny dva průzkumy, jeden mezi obyvateli města a druhý mezi občany ČR. Bylo zjištěno, že město Cheb je v povědomí respondentů spojováno s historickým dědictvím. Mimo město Cheb však historické krovy zatím nejsou dostatečně spojovány s jeho vnímáním. V článku je také prezentován sémantický diferenciál s vnímáním města Chebu občany.Item Applying blockchain-based smart contracts to eliminate unfair trading practices in the food supply chain(Inderscience Publishers, 2022) Kononets, Yevhen; Treiblmaier, Horst; Rajčániová, Miroslava
Item Vnímání města v kontextu historické památky na příkladu chebských krovů(Západočeská univerzita v Plzni, 2022) Tlučhoř, Jan; Přibáň, Pavel; Gangur, Mikuláš; Ircingová, Jarmila; Dagmar, Jakubíková; Janeček, Petr; Maříková, Hana; Štumpf, PetrItem Descriptive and inferential statistical analysis of expectations and needs of engineering students and graduates: a case study at the University of West Bohemia(De Gruyter, 2022) Wroblewski, Bartlomiej; Petrenko, OlesyaDobrá znalost angličtiny pro specifické účely (ESP) mezi českými inženýry se zdá mít zásadní význam, protože obor strojírenství se rychle rozvíjí a český trh práce se stává stále více mezinárodním (Eurostat 2022). Autoři článku, kteří dohlížejí na kurzy ESP nabízené studentům Fakulty strojní (FST) na Západočeské univerzitě (ZČU) v Plzni (Česká republika), se snaží reagovat na měnící se potřeby strojírenského oboru tím, že provádějí analýzy potřeb mezi studenty, absolventy univerzity a potenciálními zaměstnavateli a aktualizují obsahy kurzů ESP pro studenty strojírenství. Tento článek představuje srovnávací analýzu na základě dotazníku, který byl v roce 2021 distribuován mezi studenty a absolventy strojírenství. Prostřednictvím analýzy odpovědí, které se týkaly potřeb absolventů a očekáváními studentů ohledně používání ESP na pracovišti, zjistili autoři několik nesrovnalostí mezi odpověďmi, které obdrželi od studentů, a odpověďmi, které jim které obdrželi od absolventů. Na základě analýzy byla formulována hypotéza, že současní studenti mají někdy mylné představy o svém budoucím pracovním životě. K potvrzení této hypotézy budou v další fázi výzkumu dotazováni vybraní studenti a absolventi za účelem zajištění dodatečných informací. Autoři chtějí rovněž prověřit tuto hypotézu tím, že budoucí zaměstnavatelé v oblasti strojírenství odpoví na stejné výzkumné otázky.Item Modelling trust dimensions on social media(Vilnius Gediminas Technical University, 2022) Mičík, Michal; Gangur, Mikuláš; Eger, LudvíkItem Potential of the bioeconomy in Visegrad countries: An input-output approach(Elsevier, 2022) Lazorcakova, Ema; Dries, Liesbeth; Peerlings, Jack; Pokrivčák, JánThe EU has placed high priority on the expansion of the bioeconomy with the aim to reduce the use of non-renewable resources, to mitigate climate change, and to develop prospering local economies. However, only few Member States have defined quantitative economic or environmental targets for the bioeconomy in their policy strategies as measurement of the bioeconomy is not straightforward. This study uses an input-output analysis to quantify economic as well as environmental indicators for measuring the bioeconomy in the Visegrad countries (Slovakia, Czech Republic, Poland and Hungary). The current and the potential size of the bioeconomy are derived based on scenarios of minimum, medium and maximum association of partially bio-based goods with the bioeconomy. Our results suggest that currently the bioeconomy contributes 13% to the value of economic output, 10% to value added, 15% to total employment, and 20% to emissions of greenhouse gases in the Visegrad region (with a variation of 8 percentage points among individual countries). There is still potential for a transition towards a bioeconomy, especially in the production of textiles and wearing apparel, chemical products, pharmaceutical products, plastics, furniture, and energy where fossil-based inputs could be substituted by bio-based resources.Item Exposure to the COVID-19 pandemic environment and generosity(Royal Society Publishing, 2022) Brañas-Garza, Pablo; Jorrat, Diego Andrés; Alfonso, A.; Espín, Antonio M.; Muñoz, Tere García; Kovářík, JaromírWe report data from an online experiment which allows us to study how generosity changed over a 6-day period during the initial explosive growth of the COVID-19 pandemic in Andalusia, Spain, while the country was under a strict lockdown. Participants (n = 969) could donate a fraction of a €100 prize to an unknown charity. Our data are particularly rich in the age distribution and we complement them with daily public information about COVID-19-related deaths, infections and hospital admissions. We find correlational evidence that donations decreased in the period under study, particularly among older individuals. Our analysis of the mechanisms behind the detected decrease in generosity suggests that expectations about others' behaviour, perceived mortality risk and (alarming) information play a key—but independent—role for behavioural adaptation. These results indicate that social behaviour is quickly adjusted in response to the pandemic environment, possibly reflecting some form of selective prosociality.Item Ekonomické prínosy pestovania cukrovej repy na Slovensku(Vuc Praha, 2019) Tóth, Marian; Pokrivčák, JánČlánok hodnotí ekonomické prínosy pestovania cukrovej repy na Slovensku na základe údajov z roku 2016 a 2017. Analyzujeme prínos fariem z pestovania cukrovej repy na Slovensku pre štátny rozpočet, zdravotné poisťovne a Sociálnu poisťovňu v porovnaní s prínosom pestovania obilnín, resp. olejnín. V prípade nahradenia pestovania cukrovej repy na Slovensku obilninami by poklesla zamestnanosť, mzdy na farmách a príjmy štátneho rozpočtu v dôsledku poklesu DPH a dane z príjmu. Celkový ročný negatívny dopad sme vyčíslili na 3,872 mil. EurItem In search of attention in agricultural commodity markets(Elsevier, 2019) Mišečka, Tomáš; Ciaian, Pavel; Rajčániová, Miroslava; Pokrivčák, JánItem Srovnání přístupů ke správě a strategii rozvoje nemovitostí ve vlastnictví obcí(Západočeská univerzita v Plzni, 2021) Ircingová, Jarmila; Tlučhoř, Jan; Gangur, MikulášItem Are the Risk Weights of Banks in the Czech Republic Procyclical?(Sciendo, 2021) Brož, Václav; Pfeifer, LukášV článku analyzujeme cykličnost rizikových vah bank působících v České republice mezi lety 2008 a 2016. Rozlišujeme mezi rizikovými váhami pro přístup na základě interních modelů bank a na základě standardizovaného přístupu, uvažujeme jak cyklus hospodářský, tak cyklus finanční a používáme vlnkovou koherenci jako prostředek dynamické korelační analýzy. Naše výsledky ukazují, že rizikové váhy expozic spadající pod přístup založený na interních modelech bank jsou pro cyklické ve vztahu k finančnímu cyklu, a to včetně rizikových vah spjatých s expozicemi zajištěnými nemovitostmi. Také ukazujeme, že pro přístup založený na interních modelech bank je relevantní vliv měnící se kvality aktiv na rizikové váhy, což je v souladu s našimi očekáváními na základě regulatorních standardů. Naše výsledky mohou být použity pro účel rozhodování o aktivaci dohledových a makroobezřetnostních nástrojů včetně proticyklické kapitálové rezervy.
