Číslo 2 (2010)
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Item Tomáš Kobes: Tu zme šicke jedna rodzina, tu zme šicke jedna fajta. Příbuzenství východoslovenského venkova(AntropoWeb, 2010) Štípková, Martina
Item Jaroslav Vaculík: České menšiny v Evropě a ve světě(AntropoWeb, 2010) Strohsová, KláraItem Případ Takiwasi - Koncept tradiční domorodé medicíny peruánské Amazonie(AntropoWeb, 2010) Horák, MiroslavThis case study illustrates the concept of traditional indigenous medicine of the Peruvian Amazon which I was investigating in the drug rehabilitation centre Takiwasi (Tarapoto, Perú). There are for more than seventeen years plant medicines applied in the program which combines the traditional indigenous medicine of the Amazon and psychotherapy. Its key component is the ritual ingestion of ayahuasca, psychoactive substance producing altered states of consciousness. In the study I focus on the description of application methods of this substance, explanation of the local etiology of disease and classification of medical system of Takiwasi to show reader the main difference between the traditional medicine and biomedicine.Item Srovnání kulturních změn u afghanských Kyrgyzů a Kyrgyzů v Kyrgystánu(AntropoWeb, 2010) Kokaisl, Petr; Kohoutková, Petra; Michálek, PavelCreation of the national state in Kyrgyzstan had significant influence to national awareness of the Kyrgyz. It was aroused here an interest in the history of own nation, there were presented historical constructs to the population about the ancientness and certain exclusivity of the Kyrgyz ethnic group, what many inhabitants adopted. For all Kyrgyz in all investigated areas is common relatively high historical awareness of membership to the Kyrgyz nation – this perception is not bound to the language. All Kyrgyz living beyond the Kyrgyzstan border perceive very similarly the creation of national state. It is a symbol of their national identity for them, to which they are looking up with a certain respect. Also the Afghani Kyrgyz that usually do not know the Kyrgyzstan state symbols express the wishes to visit Kyrgyzstan, a country, where they can feel as at home. More important that the proper area is the own existence of the Kyrgyz state that, already by its name, offers a certain proximity to the Kyrgyz living outside its borders.Item Ideologie totalitárních režimů - historické souvislosti teoretických východisek a jejich vliv v praxi nacistického a komunistického režimu(AntropoWeb, 2010) Pavelčíková, NinaThis contribution pursues the basic streams of thought with which totalitarian regimes attempted to justify the authority of their ideological systems. It does not, of course, try to analyse individual philosophical systems which supported the ideology of totalitarianism. This is purely an attempt to detect in an historical context those currents of thought that the ideological systems of fascist and communist regimes leaned on and on which they derived their basic theses and subsequently attempted to channel the same thoughts to the population of the countries they controlled. The writer concludes that the more elaborated ideological postulates were created by communist regimes which leaned directly on the works of Marx and Engels, respectively Lenin, and other Marxist oriented writers. In contrast to the superficial, cognitively inferior and emotionally formulated modes of articulation of the ideologists of fascism and the German National Socialists, Marxist ideology of the 20th century developed not only as official dogma but equally as one expression of „revisionist“ currents of thought within the Marxist cosmos of thought.Item Vývoj evropských států podle Perryho Andersona(AntropoWeb, 2010) Kalenda, JanThe text deals with question of European state formation in research of contemporary British sociologist Perry Anderson . Its first intention focus on how modern European medieval and absolutistic states emerged. The article consists from four main parts: (1) Introduction to theory of state-formation. (2) Analysis of structural and analytical connections between state and society in author´s treatise. (3) Third main part deals with analysis of course of European state-building. On this problem we apply specific analytical model, which distinguish causes, components, progression, and impacts on state formation processes. In this case, author analyzes mechanisms of state building in feudal period 9–15th century and period of absolutistic states (16--19th century). (4) Last part is focuses on conclusion of our findings, especially on drawings specific conceptual model of this process.Item Životní situace rodiny po neanticipované ztrátě dítěte se zaměřením na životní úkoly pozůstalých rodičů(AntropoWeb, 2010) Dohnalová, ZdeňkaIn her article, the author tries to find the answer to the following question: „What life tasks do the parents after an unanticipated loss of the child face?“ This study results from a qualitative research, which explores the exprerience of the surviving mothers after unanticipated loss. The autor presents the two periods of adapting to the loss of a child and specific needs of families after bereavement. The study results show that the way of mourning is very individual. The life tasks of surviving parents depend on the general situation of the family (including the way they lived before the tragic event). The strategies of solving these problems vary as well. However, our research proved explicitly that parents after a sudden loss of the child need help, not only psychological but also practical. Nevertheless various institutions and the people around them do not often provide them wih the help they need.Item Historie v drážkách - počátky zvukových záznamů etnické hudby(AntropoWeb, 2010) Kratochvíl, MatějThis text examines the early history of the recording of ethnic or traditional music and some of the problems connected with the interpretation and analysis of the historical recording. Since the last decade of the 19th century, increasing number of people, scholars as well as amateurs were using Edison’s phonograph to record music of various nations over the world. These recording represent an important source for research today. We must however take into consideration that the recordings were made with various motivations and for various purposes and that the information they contain is not always easy to interpret. Since the beginning, traditional music was recorded not only for the purpose of research or archiving but also as a product of music industry. This fact often influenced the selection and form of the recorded material. Listening to these early recording today, we must therefore analyze the sound in the context of its origin. Besides the short survey of early activities in the field of recording of ethnic music, this text presents one example of a large and ambitious recording project. The Phonographic commission of Czech Academy of Sciences and Arts was active between 1928 and 1937 and its aim was to record various sonic expressions of the nations living in Czechoslovakia. Closer look shows that the image of the culture as presented by this collection is in several ways distorted and that it needs to be analyzed with regard to the political and social context of its time.Item Obsahová analýza / formální obsahová analýza / kvantitativní obsahová analýza(AntropoWeb, 2010) Dvořáková, IlonaContent analysis is one of the basic tools used for quantitative treatment of data. Its theoretical framework was developed mainly in connection with American sociology of communication during the second half of 20th century. The aspiration to objectivity and systematic quantitative grasp of text and visual contents as well as emphasis on semantic and contextual evaluation is responsible for heterogeneous and arguable definitions of the field. Concrete applications of content analysis are therefore shaped by the nature of analysed data and researcher's individual goals even though basic methodological ground is maintained (i. e. selecting the data set, defining units of analysis and coding, operationalization of coding etc.). This broad concept of content analysis reflects its development in terms of sociology of communication and its different paradigms. Discussion and most frequent criticism of content analysis comprises different views of suitability of the selected data set, objectivity and validity, reliability, connection to quantitative methods, ability to make use of software etc. Despite the quantitative nature of content analysis there are still some qualitative aspects. One of possible and recently increasingly acknowledged concepts sees content analysis as specific approach to data which aims to quantification of data with taking some simple qualitative techniques into account.Item "Krásný, báječný, nešťastný Egypt!" Čestí cestovatelé konce 19. a první poloviny 20.století(AntropoWeb, 2010) Písařová, PetraItem Čím se lišíme a co máme společné? Lidská sexualita v evoluční perspektivě(AntropoWeb, 2010) Havlíček, Jan; Konečná, MartinaHumans as a species have numerous unique characteristics. Do they also include sexuality? Here we use cross-cultural approach to find out whether some traits could be labelled as highly prevalent or nearly universal. We further employed comparative perspective to analyze whether these traits are unique in humans or whether they are shared with our evolutionary relatives. This led us to formulate eight broad spheres which are reported cross-culturally. These include 1) building long-term sexual relationships and expected or enforced sexual exclusivity; 2) sexual activities not restricted to fertile period and 3) prevalent through the year which suggest other than reproductive functions of the sex in humans; 4) in contrast to chimpanzees attractiveness is relatively stable across the cycle; 5) humans appear to be the only species with exclusive male homosexual orientation; 6) similarly, presence of menopause is unique to human females, which was linked to relatively risky delivery and extreme altriciality of human children; and finally, 7) humans do not commonly perform sexual activities in the presence of others. All of the addressed phenomena are interpreted in the evolutionary perspective.Item Vendula Hingarová, Alexandra Hubáčková, Michal Kovář: Sámové. Jazyk, literatura a společnost(AntropoWeb, 2010) Černý, MiroslavItem Ema Hrešanová - Kultury dvou porodnic: etnografická studie(AntropoWeb, 2010) Hošková, Lucie
