Číslo 2 (2015)
Permanent URI for this collection
Browse
Recent Submissions
Item Italy in the european states system of the pre-march period: some reflections(Západočeská univerzita v Plzni, 2015) Šedivý, Miroslav; Novotný, Lukáš; Clemens, GabrieleThe aim of the paper is to evaluate the role that Italy played in the European States System in 1830–1848 from a new, more realist perspective paying particular attention to the policy of Metternich’s Austria in the Apennines. As it attempts to prove, from 1830 to 1848 Italy witnessed considerable reluctance on the part of the Great Powers as well as the Italian states themselves to contribute through cooperation and restraint to the strengthening of the pillars that upheld the system. Italy, much like the Ottoman Empire, was an unstable area with dangerous potential for European peace, and it was no accident that the peace restored in 1815 was disturbed for the first time in Western Europe during 1848 in Italy.
Item ZACHAR Péter Krisztián. Gazdasági válságok, társadalmi feszültségek, modern válaszkísérletek Európában a két világháború között Budapest: L’Harmattan, 2014. ISBN 978-963-236-955-6, 348 pages(Západočeská univerzita v Plzni, 2015) Marengo, Alessandro; Novotný, Lukáš; Clemens, GabrieleItem Civic gentry in Sáros county in the 19th–20th century: the history of Hazslinyszky family, part II.(Západočeská univerzita v Plzni, 2015) Koudela, Pál; Novotný, Lukáš; Clemens, GabrieleIn the first part of this sequence to discuss the concept of Hungarian gentry, its character, role in society and depiction in literature I wrote about the Hazslinszky family, its roots and most relevant member: Frigyes, representative of the first generation of a newly emerged gentry society in Hungary. In the following, his brother’s, sons’ and grandsons’ lives are analyzed from the viewpoint of a more and more controversial social development during the first half of the 20th century. The signs of belonging to a rather noble strata appeared in the second generation: marriages show high connectedness, but values were constant. A new administrative stratum evolved in this period showing a fairly integrated image as a historical formation, but behind the employment groups, social positions, digging deeply into personal fates we found very altering value systems. These lives represent an alternate to those mostly described in Hungarian historiography characterizing a whole period.Item Great Britain and China 1908–1909(Západočeská univerzita v Plzni, 2015) Kodet, Roman; Novotný, Lukáš; Clemens, GabrieleAt the beginning of the 20th century Great Britain had to guard its interests in China against the competition of other Great Powers. The British diplomacy therefore payed close attention to the internal situation in China. It focused mainly on the enforcement of its economic (especially trade) interests and maintaining its concessions in China. In order to accomplish these tasks, the British diplomats followed closely the internal situation in China – especially its efforts to reform its government, military or law. They also payed close attention to the relation of China towards other Great Powers and their influence in the Middle Kingdom. Great Britain also had to solve several important problems in its own relations with China. The most important of these was the question of the opium trade and the effort of the Chinese government to supperss its consumption. China was able to accomplish this important task only with the help of Great Britain.Item Germany and the boxer uprising in China(Západočeská univerzita v Plzni, 2015) Kočvar, Jan; Novotný, Lukáš; Clemens, GabrieleIn late 1890’s, a xenophobic Yihetuan (“Boxer”) movement emerged in German sphere of influence in Shandong. In 1900, the movement spread into the neighbouring province of Zhili and was largely tolerated by anti-foreign officials. Foreign diplomats failed to understand this threat. As a consequence of hasty and miscalculated moves of both sides, the Chinese court found itself in the middle of an open conflict with the great powers. Since mid-June, foreign detachments were fighting with governmental troops in Zhili; on June 20, German Minister to China was killed and the siege of the Beijing legations began. German forces in the Far East were too limited to participate much on the fighting. Germany sent a large expeditionary force to the Far East, but these troops arrived too late to take part on the conquest of Beijing on 14 August 1900. Allied forces under supreme command of German Field Marshall Alfred vonWaldersee occupied Zhili and conducted many punitive operations at the country. During the crisis, Germany gained bad reputation for the conduct of her troops.Item Bismarcks Entlassung als Anfang vom Ende? Der Bismarck-Mythos in Autobiographien derWeimarer Republik und des frühen „Dritten Reiches“(Západočeská univerzita v Plzni, 2015) Knorring, Marc von; Novotný, Lukáš; Clemens, GabrieleBismarck’s Dismissal as Beginning of the End? The Bismarck-Myth in the Memoirs in the Weimar Republic and at the Beginning of the Third Reich The Bismarck-myth, which glorified the founder of the empire as an omnipotent hero, boomed in Germany after the FirstWorldWar. At the same time, the increasing genre of autobiographies and memoirs consistently asked about the nature of the perished Wilhelmine period. In doing so, many authors connected the Bismarck-myth with the fate of the empire. They adopted the connection between the dismissal of the first chancellor und the failure of his successors in foreign policy, which often was postulated in public, and supplemented it by the dictum of inner degeneration after 1890. Thus they extended the Bismarck-myth and supported the increasing demand after a strong leader.Item Die Einwohnerschaft in Bergreichenstein zur Zeit des Dreißigjährigen Krieges(Západočeská univerzita v Plzni, 2015) Kilián, Jan; Novotný, Lukáš; Clemens, GabrieleThe Population in Kašperské Hory (Bergreichenstein) during the Thirty Years’War This study will focus on the limited possible recognition of changes and development of the population in Kašperské Hory in the period of 1618–1648. It will attempt to determine its numbers, outline the issue of language/ethnic composition, migration and other demographic aspects (birth rate, marriage rate, mortality), as well as to discuss the local elites, everyday lives of the inhabitants and interpersonal relationships.Item “Whose realm, his law”: the austrian repression of italian nationalist movement under the reign of Francis I (1815–1835)(Západočeská univerzita v Plzni, 2015) Chvojka, Michal; Novotný, Lukáš; Clemens, GabrieleThis study deals with the Italian question in the Habsburg Monarchy between 1815 and 1835 in terms of the Austrian political and police sources. In the introduction, the author points out the shortcomings of the newly acquired Austrian Italian territories Lombardy and Venetia as well as the measures seeking to suppress nationalism, constitutionalism and jacobinism there. Since the Austrian authorities had not considered the incorporation process by far as concluded, the nature of the documents mentioned above follow the line of strict surveillance and threat identification, investigation, arrest and repression. In the last section, the attention is being paid to various questions concerning the incarceration of Carbonari at the notorious Moravian prison fortress Spielberg, e. g., the way of their treatment, medical care or spiritual control.Item History of Kosovo from the first Balkan war to the end of world war II (1912–1945)(Západočeská univerzita v Plzni, 2015) Gulyás, László; Csüllög, Gábor; Novotný, Lukáš; Clemens, GabrieleAfter the First and Second Balkan Wars (1912–1913) the territory of Kosovo was annexed to the Kingdom of Serbia. This action was made in spite of the fact that the former vilayet of Kosovo definitely had Albanian majority at the time. However, the political elite of the Kingdom of Serbia did not have time to integrate Kosovo, as World War I started in July 1914. After the First World War (1914–1918) the territory of Kosovo was annexed to Yugoslavian state. Serbians regarded the Albanians of Kosovo as a foreign body within the Yugoslavian state. In accordance with this standpoint, the Serbian political elite leading the Yugoslavian state took measures against the Albanians of Kosovo in every field of the political-economic life. Such activities of the Serbs can be described under the following categories: 1. the issue of regional administration; 2. the topic of minority rights; 3. the field of economics. In the first part of our essay we examine what happened in the above mentioned three fields in Kosovo between 1918 and 1941. It was in April 1941 when, due to the attacks by Germany and its allies, the first Yugoslav state collapsed in two weeks. In the second part of our essay we investigate the consequences of this event. We survey the birth of Greater Albania.
