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Item Kontrola svarových spojů kotlových trubek pomocí vizuální a kapilární metody NDT(Západočeská univerzita v Plzni, 2023) Fink, Dominik; Šafařík, Vilém; Bunda, Zbyněk; Volák, JosefPříspěvek se zabývá defekty vyskytujícími se ve svarových spojích, které byly pozorovány při generální opravě kotle při odstávce. Pro kontrolu svarů bylo v rámci projektu využito vizuální a penetrační metody. Jedná se o zejména o svary trubek membránových stěn a také o svary potrubí pro přívod spalovacího vzduchu. Popsány jsou nalezené vady svarů včetně jejich fotodokumentace. Cílem tohoto článku je poukázat na opakující se vady ve svarech, zejména při výměně panelů membránových stěn v kotlích, a tím přispět k předcházení vzniku těchto nehomogenit.
Item Methods for evaluating technical drawing aimed at improving the quality of teaching and increasing students' levels of knowledge(IATED, 2023) Hofrichterová, Petra; Fait, DavidThis paper deals with the evaluation of technical drawings and error prevention in the courses "Introduction to Mechanical Engineering" and "Fundamentals of Mechanical Design" for first-year students at the University of West Bohemia. Many technical schools, including universities, have to assess work related to technical drawing and documentation. Evaluating these works based only on the number of errors is insufficient; a comprehensive evaluation is necessary in this case. Students must be able to handle a significant amount of information to produce accurate technical drawings. They also must be proficient in searching for technical standards. That is why equal weight cannot be assigned to all errors during the evaluation process. Throughout the assessment of term papers it became apparent that students tend to repeat the same errors in their technical drawings. These errors can be categorized into basic groups. Identifying these errors and understanding the reasons for their occurrence is the first step toward preventing them in the future. This knowledge also enables teachers to identify weak spots in the course and focus more on error prevention. This paper also presents possible approaches for error prevention in these courses. Preventing errors and mistakes during a technical course can both improve the quality of teaching and motivate new undergraduate students to continue their studies.
Item Teaching mechatronics, robotics and automation with Arduino(IATED, 2023) Čermák, Roman; Mašek, Václav; Fait, DavidThe Arduino platform has become extremely popular at all levels of technical education in the last two decades. In addition to low-cost hardware, the platform offers users a free development environment (IDE, compilers). Thanks to the huge community of users, hardware expansion modules (so-called shields), extension software (libraries) and educational materials (books, tutorials and examples) are easily accessible. This offers an ideal environment for incorporating Arduino into teaching.In the last few decades, we can observe the pressure of industry for multidisciplinarity of study programs, and not only at technical universities. Above all, the traditional division into engineering and electrical engineering fields is losing its justification. As various surveys show, rather than a narrowly focused specialist, a universal graduate is required. This leads to the inclusion of an increasing number of courses focused on electrical engineering, electronics, robotics, automation and hardware programming in engineering study programs and vice versa. Arduino is offered as a suitable platform for the implementation of some tasks, not only in courses at universities, but also at secondary and elementary schools.An important addition to the Arduino hardware platform is a possibility to create a virtual circuit and simulate it in the TinkerCAD online environment. This environment allows not only the integration of electronic components, but also the possibility of creating a program and its subsequent testing in simulation. The graphic level of the environment and the simplicity of operation make it very attractive even for less experienced students and pupils. The system offers either text-mode programming or graphical programming in a Scratch-inspired tool. This is especially useful for teaching pupils in primary schools to eliminate typos and syntax errors.Another important tool for teaching robotics and automation together with Arduino is the possibility of interconnection with the MATLAB-Simulink software, which offers a development environment for Arduino as a freely installable add-on module. This will allow you to incorporate a number of functions from many other MATLAB toolboxes into the developed Arduino application.The text of the paper mentions several examples of the use of Arduino, TinkerCAD and connection with MATLAB-Simulink in teaching mechatronics and robotics for students of the Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, in regular lessons for secondary school pupils and in the hobby group for elementary school pupils.Item System analysis of a motorcycle simulator for research and education purposes(IATED, 2023) Mašek, Václav; Čermák, Roman; Fait, DavidThis paper describes the system design of a motorcycle rider simulator enhanced by virtual reality for educational and research purposes. The primary motivation was to create a simulation environment for behavioural research of bike riders using eye tracking features to monitor a rider’s field of view in certain situations. In the future, it is envisioned to use additional sensors for human-in-the-loop behavioural simulations. For this purpose, the creation of a high-fidelity simulation is necessary. This comprises a physical component (simulator hardware including the mechanism that simulates the motorcycle dynamics during cornering) and a software component (virtual reality). The simulator is planned to be used in courses focused on vehicle dynamics modelling as a practical demonstrator. While on the simulator, students can verify their dynamic models of motorcycle behaviour on the hardware, which provides physical feedback so they can test the motorcycle dynamics themselves. In the first part of the paper, the idea and arguments for the development of a simulator are presented. A literature review describes the current motorcycle and traffic simulators which inspired the idea of the presented solution. The methodology is divided into two parts. The first part presents the specification of the requirements for the simulator in terms of its use for research. The second part presents the methodology for using the simulator for educational purposes. Furthermore, the system design of the simulator and examples of its use in the courses taught at the Department of Machine Design of the University of West Bohemia are presented. In the final discussion, other potential applications in educational activities are suggested.Item Teaching engineering subjects for non-engineering high school students using project-based learning approach(IATED, 2023) Čermák, Roman; Mašek, Václav; Fait, DavidIn the last fifteen years, there has been a noticeable decrease in the number of students at technical universities in the Czech Republic, mainly related to the declining population curve. On the other hand, the demand of industrial companies for technically oriented graduates is growing. As this disproportion continues to grow, universities are trying to attract new students from non-technical schools.To put it simply, upper secondary schools in the Czech Republic can be divided into practically oriented (vocational) and general education (grammar schools). In the past, the vast majority of students of technical faculties were recruited from vocational technical secondary schools. In recent years, there has been a trend to attract students from grammar schools. To do this, however, it is necessary to overcome the psychological barrier that most of these students suffer, namely the fear of ignorance of the technology and thus the fear of failure in further technical studies.This contribution aims to acquaint with the authors' activity aimed at overcoming the psychological barrier among grammar school students. The activity is based on solving a technical problem within the elective course. In cooperation with an industrial company, an assignment is prepared that simulates a fictitious order. Students have the task to analyze the assignment, on the basis of available information sources to process the current state-of-the-art in solving the problem. Then they propose their solution and try to work it out to the model stage and project documentation. All the time, the teacher corrects their designs and provide them with further information, e.g. about usable materials, production technologies, related standards, etc. The advantage of this approach is that the student is not overwhelmed by a huge amount of facts about all possible materials, technologies, etc., and then uses only a small part of them for the solution, but gets just the information he needs. The goal of the project is then achieved much faster and students are motivated and less often lose interest in the issue. Another important element of this project is the direct link to industrial partners who are actively involved in student leadership. This link to industry also has an incentive effect, since the applicability of the information presented is immediately visible. An obvious shortcoming of this approach is the absence of additional knowledge and context, which is presented to vocational high school students during the normal teaching process. However, the aim of this activity is not to strive for comprehensive education, but to overcome the above-mentioned psychological barrier and motivate students of grammar schools to continue at technical universities.The conclusion of the paper describes two specific projects of this type implemented in recent years.Item Competency-based learning and its application to teaching the fundamentals of engineering design(IATED, 2023) Fait, David; Hofrichterová, Petra; Mašek, Václav; Čermák, RomanThe purpose of this paper is to investigate the implementation of competency-based learning in the development of machine design skills among first-year university students. This modern approach has been successfully used in the Fundamentals of Engineering Design course at the Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, University of West Bohemia. Traditional lecture-based teaching techniques are rather ineffective in complicated, creative fields like machine design. The aim of the course is to transfer skills and ways of thinking, rather than information. Therefore, the main focus is put on the ability to tackle problems by working with real-life sources of information and implementing them in current design problems rather than just memorizing information and completing assignments. Competency-based learning has been found to be a perfect match for such an application. This system of instruction, assessment, and grading requires students to prove their acquired knowledge and abilities by demonstrating project solutions. The paper provides an overview of its application during classes. In our experience, rearranging lectures into project-like individual and group activities motivates students to actively explore the given topic themselves. Self-exploration stimulates deep thinking and understanding. Unlike in classical lessons, all students are forced to actively work and pay attention. All of this leads to higher success rates in the exams. Firstly, the main principles and background of the techniques used in competency learning (such as constructivism, flipped learning, and gamification) are described. Then they are demonstrated on practical examples from our lessons. The final section discusses feedback from students, issues that were encountered, and their potential solutions.Item Driver-pedestrian interaction: linking aggressive driving patterns to personality traits(Faculty of Technical Sciences, 2024) Mašek, Václav; Šraml, Matjaž; Čermák, Roman; Gruden, ChiaraAccording to the European Commission, 18 % of all road fatalities in the European Union in2022 were pedestrians. Most of them were caused by a collision with a car – 2.409 out of 3.715 fatalities.The manoeuvres that usually lead to such collisions include speeding and failing to give way. Thesebehaviours, which are typical of aggressive driving, can be fatal in interaction with vulnerable road users,especially pedestrians. In this paper, we would like to deepen the knowledge of the relationship betweenaggressive driving and personality traits. To this end, we apply the well-established Eysenck personalitytest, which identifies three different personality traits, and link its results with the answers to a questionnaireon driving behaviour and perceived safety. The aim is to understand whether there is a correlation betweenextroversion and aggressive behaviour. The results show that the participants who were willing to performdangerous manoeuvres or drive aggressively in most of the proposed situations were extroverted.Item Specific Requirements for Technical Documentation in the Automotive Industry(Atlantis Press, 2023) Vaněk, Václav; Polák, Roman; Gorschenek, MartinThis paper focuses on solving some of the problems arising in the design process groups in the automotive industry. The geometrical specification of machine parts in the automotive industry creates a number of problems, the solutions of which is not entirely trivial and even the current standards do not offer a satisfactory solution or do not solve the issue at all. For this reason, a number of non-standardized, fragmented and mutually inadequate methodologies are created, which do not address this issue comprehensively and sufficiently satisfactorily to allow these individual adjustments and proposals to be applied on a larger scale.Item Teaching enhancement of 3d surface modelling at the University of West Bohemia(IATED Academy, 2018) Keckstein, TomášThe paper describes the study materials, and explains their structure and purpose and these innovations are being implemented at University of West Bohemia (UWB) to improve the education of specialized 3D CAD programs..Item Transfer of learning in mechatronics education for industry 4.0(IATED, 2023) Mašek, Václav; Fait, David; Čermák, RomanThis work describes the design of the mini-course curriculum for mechanical engineering students to gain basic knowledge in the field of robotics, mechatronics, and Industry 4.0 as a part of the semester course. The course Mechatronics in Machine Design contains several mini-courses and is designed for students with limited preliminary knowledge of programming and electronics (mainly mechanical engineers). The focus is applied on the presenting of the basic concepts in the field of intelligent machine design. The whole curriculum of the mini course can be finished in 3 lecture blocks and should be able to provide sufficient knowledge to provoke the discussion between the students and the teacher that should result in preliminary design of the semestral group project (prototype of the mechatronic device). This approach could also make lessons more attractive for students because it shows the real-world applications of the lesson’s topic in a limited time, so students are not bored by spending so much time just listening about the topic. The main task is to pass on the necessary amount of information in the shortest possible time so the dialogue can be started, and further knowledge is gained by consultations with the supervisor or by students themselves. The main idea is not changing the environment but increasing the difficulty of the tasks. The used hardware for the lectures is the Raspberry Pi (or its alternatives) and industrial PLC (Programmable Logic Computer). The complexity of tasks can vary from elementary programming/ Linux lessons for beginners, sensor data reading and processing as the intermediate level, to advanced signal processing and machine learning for predictive maintenance. The introduction contains a review of problem-based learning methodology which is further applied in the field of engineering education. In the work several promising techniques describe the education of engineering subjects related to Industry 4.0. The first lesson includes using a Raspberry Pi for python programming, signal processing and hardware interaction for mechatronics essentials and predictive maintenance education. Basic programming concepts are presented during the simple programming course in python, supplemented by practical examples. Then a simple project is presented where the principles of sensor data reading, data processing and hardware control are shown, so the students can design the whole mechatronic system from input through data processing to actuator control. The second lesson is focused on image processing, so the students get familiar with the basic principles of machine vision, so they can incorporate camera sensors into their experiments. In the third lesson, the students learn about making digital twins in Siemens Tecnomatix Process Simulate. These vary from learning kinematics and robotics basics to planning and simulation of complex robotic / mechatronic systems. This tool, together with TIA (Totally Integrated Automation) Portal, allows them to design state of the art PLC applications that can transfer their knowledge from basic to the level of professional usage. The paper contains a description of beginner/intermediate stages of the education process that were already tested during the lessons during the academic year and the summer school and predicted a roadmap for further progression of planned advanced courses. In the final chapter of the paper, possible future work is described.Item Innovation of technical education to enhance practical know-how(IATED Academy, 2017) Keckstein, Tomáš; Jirásko, Jakub; Hynek, Martin; Votápek, PetrThe lack of practical know-how and practically useful skills for graduates is a serious problem. This is why innovation in education is being implemented at the University of West Bohemia at the Faculty of Mechanical Engineering. The goal of this innovation is to broaden the practical knowledge to our students via practical projects. These educational projects are described in this paper using the reconstruction of a small manual lathe into a computer controlled lathe as a sample project.Item Improvement of teaching methods at University of West Bohemia(IATED Academy, 2017) Max, Antonín; Formánek, JosefThis article describes the methods of application of new learning tools into the educational model of technical disciplines at University of West Bohemia in Pilsen.Item Student project focused on the design of a small urban eletric car(IATED Academy, 2017) Formánek, Josef; Jirásko, JakubMultidisciplinary team from the University of West Bohemia in Pilsen represented by the students from the Faculty of Mechanical Engineering (Department of Machine Design) and students from the Ladislav Sutnar Faculty of Design and Art created a functional prototype of electric car and this paper presents this process.Item Low-cost concept of tool breakage detection system(University of West Bohemia, 2021) Kratochvíl, Martin; Čermák, RomanWhen machining anisotropic material with a thin milling cutter, there is a high probability of tool breakage. Tool breakage leads to time waste, because a conventional small CNC machine is unable to detect tool breakage. One way to solve this problem could be system based on OpenCV library, which uses a cheap digital camera.Item Vývoj úzkorozchodného tramvajového podvozku(EDIS - Žilina University publisher, 2020) Heller, Petr; Beno, Jan; Schön, JIří; Ráž, KarelČlánek popisuje vývoj úzkorozchodného podvozku pro nízkopodlažní tramvaj s nestandardním vypružením a podélným pohonemItem Vývoj úzkorozchodného tramvajového podvozku(EDIS - Žilina University publisher, 2020) Heller, Petr; Beno, Jan; Schön, JIří; Ráž, KarelČlánek popisuje vývoj úzkorozchodného podvozku pro nízkopodlažní tramvaj s nestandardním vypružením a podélným pohonemItem Vývoj úzkorozchodného tramvajového podvozku(EDIS - Žilina University publisher, 2020) Heller, Petr; Beno, Jan; Schön, JIří; Ráž, KarelČlánek popisuje vývoj úzkorozchodného podvozku pro nízkopodlažní tramvaj s nestandardním vypružením a podélným pohonemItem Vývoj úzkorozchodného tramvajového podvozku(EDIS - Žilina University publisher, 2020) Heller, Petr; Beno, Jan; Schön, JIří; Ráž, KarelČlánek popisuje vývoj úzkorozchodného podvozku pro nízkopodlažní tramvaj s nestandardním vypružením a podélným pohonemItem Evaluation of e-learning materials and methods at the University of West Bohemia(IATED Academy, 2018) Max, AntonínThe aim of the paper is focused on the evaluation of e-learning materials and the teaching method project-based learning at the University of West Bohemia in Pilsen at the Faculty of Mechanical Engineering in the Department of Machine Design.Item Jednonápravové podvozky železničních kolejových vozidlech(Vydavateĺstvo Technickej univerzity vo Zvolene, 2023) Heller, PetrPříspěvek uvádí přehled dvounápravových vozidel s jednonápravovými podvozky. Podrobněji ukazuje příklady jednonápravových podvozků na těchto vozidlech. Dále ukazuje vlastní řešení jednonápravového otočného podvozku, s osou otáčení mimo osu dvojkolí. Podvozek má vnitřní rám, dvojkolí s vnitřními ložisky, primární vypružení šroubovitými pružinami, sekundární vzduchovou pružinou a torzním stabilzárorem. Na závěr je uvedena tabulka s porovnáním některých parametrů podvozků.
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