Institucionalizace metropolitních regionů v Německu a ve Francii ve vzájemném srovnání
Date issued
2023
Authors
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Journal ISSN
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Publisher
Masarykova univerzita
Abstract
Článek se snaží identifikovat okolnosti vzniku a vývoje metropolitní správy v Německu a ve Francii (ve dvou klíčových zemích EU s odlišnou správní a politickou kulturou) a poukázat jak na výhody, tak na problémy a limity jednotlivých řešení. Stabilita německého institucionálního rámce kontrastuje s množstvím správních reforem ve Francii v posledních padesáti letech. Francouzské regiony mají ve srovnání s německými spolkovými zeměmi omezenou akční schopnost. Klíčovými aktéry metropolitní správy jsou v Německu obce a města, ve Francii pak meziobecní struktury. V Německu se přitom jedná o proces evolučně pomalý, se zdola nahoru (bottom-up), postupně reagující na vynořující se výzvy a události, zatímco ve Francii došlo k institucionalizaci metropolí se shora dolů. Vznik a rozvoj metropolitní správy je obtížný proces, kterému brání a vzdoruje etablovaná subnárodní mocenské struktury. Jak ukazují především francouzské zkušenosti, tak od teoretické vize (politická legitimita, vysoká míra autonomie a relevantní územní vymezení) k praktické realizaci vede dlouhá a trnitá cesta.
The paper deals with identifying the circumstances of the emergence and development of metropolitan governance in Germany and France (two key EU countries with different administrative and political cultures) and to highlight both the advantages and the problems and limits of each solution. It draws on a study of German and French literary sources and interviews with German and French colleagues. The stability of the German institutional framework contrasts with the many administrative reforms in France over the last fifty years. French regions have a limited capacity for action compared to German federal states. The key actors in metropolitan governance are municipalities and cities in Germany and inter-municipal structures in France. In Germany, this is an evolutionarily slow, bottom-up process, gradually responding to emerging challenges and events, whereas in France, metropolitan governments have been institutionalised in a top-down manner. The emergence and development of metropolitan governance is a difficult process, hindered and resisted by established sub-national power structures. As the French experience in particular shows, there is a long and thorny road from theoretical vision (political legitimacy, a high degree of autonomy and relevant territorial delimitation) to practical implementation.
The paper deals with identifying the circumstances of the emergence and development of metropolitan governance in Germany and France (two key EU countries with different administrative and political cultures) and to highlight both the advantages and the problems and limits of each solution. It draws on a study of German and French literary sources and interviews with German and French colleagues. The stability of the German institutional framework contrasts with the many administrative reforms in France over the last fifty years. French regions have a limited capacity for action compared to German federal states. The key actors in metropolitan governance are municipalities and cities in Germany and inter-municipal structures in France. In Germany, this is an evolutionarily slow, bottom-up process, gradually responding to emerging challenges and events, whereas in France, metropolitan governments have been institutionalised in a top-down manner. The emergence and development of metropolitan governance is a difficult process, hindered and resisted by established sub-national power structures. As the French experience in particular shows, there is a long and thorny road from theoretical vision (political legitimacy, a high degree of autonomy and relevant territorial delimitation) to practical implementation.
Description
Subject(s)
Metropolitní správa, institucionální vývoj, meziobecní spolupráce, Francie, Německo, Metropolitan governance, institutional development, inter-municipal cooperation, France, Germany