Mozhlyvosti pidvyshchennia efektyvnosti roboty mikromerezh z systemamy na osnovi vidnovliuvanykh dzherel enerhii

Abstract

Bilshist merezh ye zastarilymy yak fizychno, tak i shchodo metodiv keruvannia, yakymy vony operuiut. Vrakhovuiuchy znachne zbilshennia kilkosti kintsevykh korystuvachiv, a takozh enerhii, yaku vony spozhyvaiut, yikhnii vplyv na stiikist zahalnoi merezhi, stymuliuietsia rozvytok rozpodilenykh enerhetychnykh resursiv, a takozh intehratsiia novykh vuzliv heneratsii, shcho vykorystovuiut enerhiiu vidnovliuvanykh dzherel. Prote vstanovlennia takykh vuzliv zminiuie ustalenu systemu rozpodilu potuzhnostei ta spozhyvannia, a otzhe, vynykaie potreba v dynamichnomu keruvanni navantazhenniam ta heneratsiieiu. U tsii statti analizuiutsia rizni skhemy roboty mikromerezh, shcho ye okremymy nevelykymy vuzlamy zahalnoi enerhomerezhi, v yaki intehrovano stantsii, shcho vykorystovuiut vidnovliuvani dzherela enerhii, a takozh zastosovuvani metody vplyvu na pidtrymku yakosti elektropostachannia v merezhi. Perevahy ta nedoliky tsykh metodiv dozvoliaiut na praktytsi pryimaty obgruntovani rishennia shchodo pidvyshchennia efektyvnosti peredachi enerhii v mikromerezhakh z intehrovanymy ustanovkamy na osnovi VDE i v takyi sposib spryiaty vykorystanniu soniachnoi heneratsii dlia staloho vyrobnytstva enerhii. Rozghlianuto problematyku toho, shcho bilshist fotoelektrychnykh ustanovok, yaki buly vvedeni v poperedni roky, ye merezhozalezhnymy, shcho unemozhlyvliuie yikh proaktyvnyi vnesok u stabilizatsiiu merezhi v razi vynyknennia avariinoho rezhymu. Yak variant problema mozhe buty vyrishena za rakhunok invertornykh ustanovok, yaki formuiut napruhu, oskilky navit u razi vymknennia merezhi ta perekhodu mikromerezhi v avtonomnyi rezhym vony mozhut heneruvaty vlasnu napruhu i pidtrymuvaty elektrozabezpechennia usikh spozhyvachiv tsiiei pidmerezhi. U roboti navedeno rezultaty analizu naukovykh statei, prysviachenykh keruvanniu mikromerezhami ta heneruvalnymy ustanovkamy, a takozh zaproponovano metod keruvannia dekilkoma mikromerezhami dlia pidvyshchennia efektyvnosti roboty systemy rozpodilu. Sformulovani idei potrebuiut podalshoho doslidzhennia dlia poshuku efektyvnoho metodu keruvannia dekilkoma vuzlamy z riznymy heneruvalnymy ustanovkamy, dlia podalshoi implementatsii v realni systemy rozpodilu.

Most grids are outdated, both physically and in terms of the control methods they operate. Given the significant growth of end users, the amount of energy they consume, and their impact on the stability of the overall grid, the development of distributed energy resources and the integration of new generation units using renewable energy sources are being encouraged. However, the installation of such nodes introduces changes to the established system of capacity and consumption distribution, which necessitates dynamic load and generation control. This article analyzes various schemes of microgrids, which are separate small nodes of the general power grid in which renewable energy sources are integrated, as well as their methods of influence on maintaining the quality of power supply in the grid. The advantages and disadvantages of these methods allow us to make informed decisions in practice to improve the efficiency of energy transmission in microgrids with integrated renewable energy installations and thus promote the use of solar generation for sustainable energy production. The prob lem of the fact that most of the photovoltaic installations that were introduced in previous years are grid-dependent, which makes it impossible for them to proactively contribute to grid stabilization in case of emergency conditions. As a result, this can be solved by voltage-generating inverter installations, since even in the event of a grid outage and the microgrid going offline, they can generate their own voltage and maintain power supply to all consumers of this subgrid. This paper presents the results of an analysis of scientific articles on the management of microgrids and generating plants, and proposes a method for managing multiple microgrids to improve the efficiency of the distribution system. These ideas require further research to find an effective method for controlling multiple nodes with different generating units, for further implementation in real distribution systems.