Automatic Identification of Ambiguous Prostate Capsule Boundary Lines Using Shape Information and Least Squares Curve Fitting Technique

Abstract

Currently there are few parameters that are used to compare the efficiency of different methods of cancerous prostate surgical removal. An accurate assessment of the percentage and depth of extra-capsular soft tissue removed with the prostate by the various surgical techniques can help surgeons with determining the appropriateness of different surgical approaches. Additionally, an objective assessment can allow a particular surgeon to compare individual performance against a standard. In order to facilitate 3D reconstruction and objective analysis and thus provide more accurate quantitation results when analyzing specimens, it is essential to automatically identify the capsule boundary that separates the prostate gland tissue from its extra-capsular tissue. However the prostate capsule is sometimes unrecognizable due to the naturally occurring intrusion of muscle and connective tissue into the prostate gland. At these regions where the capsule disappears, its contour can be arbitrarily reconstructed with the generation of a continuing contour line based on the natural shape of the prostate gland. We present an algorithm based on a least squares curve fitting technique that uses a prostate shape equation to merge previously detected capsule parts with the shape equation to produce an approximated curve that represents the prostate capsule. We have tested our algorithms using three shapes on 13 prostate slices that are cut at different locations from the apex and the results are promising.